Traffic advertisement and scheduling in a neighbor aware network data link

ABSTRACT

A method includes generating a first traffic announcement message at a first electronic device of a data link. The first traffic announcement message indicates first data is to be transmitted from the first electronic device to a second electronic device of the data link. The method also includes transmitting the first traffic announcement message to one or more electronic devices of the data link during a first paging window.

I. CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/022,615, filed Jul. 9, 2014 and entitled “TRAFFICADVERTISEMENT AND SCHEDULING IN A NEIGHBOR AWARE NETWORK”, U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/027,175, filed Jul. 21, 2014 andentitled “TRAFFIC ADVERTISEMENT AND SCHEDULING IN A NEIGHBOR AWARENETWORK”, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/036,518, filed Aug.12, 2014 and entitled “TRAFFIC ADVERTISEMENT AND SCHEDULING IN ANEIGHBOR AWARE NETWORK”, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/127,108, filed Mar. 2, 2015 and entitled “TRAFFIC ADVERTISEMENT ANDSCHEDULING IN A NEIGHBOR AWARE NETWORK”; the contents of each of theaforementioned applications are expressly incorporated herein byreference in their entirety.

II. FIELD

The present disclosure is generally related to traffic advertisement andscheduling in a neighbor aware network (NAN).

III. DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART

Advances in technology have resulted in smaller and more powerfulcomputing devices. For example, there currently exist a variety ofportable personal computing devices, including wireless computingdevices, such as portable wireless telephones, personal digitalassistants (PDAs), and paging devices that are small, lightweight, andeasily carried by users. More specifically, portable wirelesstelephones, such as cellular telephones and Internet protocol (IP)telephones, can communicate voice and data packets over wirelessnetworks. Further, many such wireless telephones include other types ofdevices that are incorporated therein. For example, a wireless telephonecan also include a digital still camera, a digital video camera, adigital recorder, and an audio file player. Also, such wirelesstelephones can process executable instructions, including softwareapplications, such as a web browser application, that can be used toaccess the Internet. As such, these wireless telephones can includesignificant computing capabilities.

Electronic devices, such as wireless telephones, may use wirelessconnections to access networks in order to transmit and receive data orto exchange information. For example, mobile electronic devices that arein close proximity to each other may form a wireless mesh network toperform data exchanges via the wireless mesh network (e.g., withoutinvolving wireless carriers, Wi-Fi access points, and/or the Internet).To enable functionality of the wireless mesh network, a particularwireless network, such as a particular wireless channel of theparticular wireless network, may be reserved for transferring databetween electronic devices of the wireless mesh network. For example, afirst electronic device of the wireless mesh network may share aservice, such as a music service, with other electronic devices in thewireless mesh network. For example, the first electronic device maytransmit music data to a second electronic device in the wireless meshnetwork. Because the second electronic device does not know when thefirst electronic device will transmit the music data, the secondelectronic device continuously monitors the wireless mesh network fortransmissions from the first electronic device. Accordingly, the secondelectronic device consumes power to monitor the wireless mesh network,even during time periods where the first electronic device is nottransmitting data to the second electronic device.

IV. SUMMARY

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods to enableelectronic devices in a data link of a neighbor aware network (NAN) tocoordinate times to announce traffic (e.g., data) to be transmitted toother electronic devices in the data link. As referred to herein, a datalink, or a data link network, refers to one or more electronic devicesthat share a time period corresponding to an active operating mode ofthe electronic devices (e.g., a paging window) and that have commonsecurity credentials. For example, a data link may include a wirelessmesh network, such as a “social Wi-Fi mesh.” The one or more electronicdevices of the data link may be a subset of electronic devices in theNAN. By coordinating the times of the announcements between eachelectronic device in the data link, an electronic device in the datalink may be able to transition to the active operating mode during aparticular time period to listen for data announcements. If theelectronic device determines that the data announcements do not identifythe electronic device as a recipient of data during a transmissionwindow, the electronic device may enter a low-power operating mode(e.g., a “sleep mode”) until a next time period corresponding totransmission of data announcements.

In the present disclosure, each electronic device in a data link maysynchronize an internal clock based on synchronization beacons receivedfrom at least one electronic device of the NAN. In some aspects,communications between electronic devices of the NAN may occur via afirst wireless channel, which may be referred to as the “NAN channel.”Because the internal clock of each electronic device in the data link issynchronized, each electronic device may determine a common time periodto transition to an active operating mode and listen for an indicationof traffic (e.g., a data announcement). In a particular aspect, the datalink may be a “multi-hop” data link, and the indication of traffic maybe a traffic announcement message. In this aspect, the trafficannouncement message may be transmitted from a first electronic deviceof the data link to other electronic devices of the data link during apaging window that is reserved for data transmissions between electronicdevices of the data link. In some aspects, communications betweenelectronic devices of the data link may occur via a second wirelesschannel, which may be referred to as a “data link channel.” In anotherparticular aspect, the data link may be a “single-hop” data link, andthe indication of traffic may be a traffic announcement message. In thisaspect, the traffic announcement message may be transmitted via the NANchannel during a paging window. In another particular aspect, the datalink may be a single-hop data link, and the indication of traffic may beincluded in a service response filter (SRF) field of a servicedescriptor attribute included in a service discovery frame (SDF). Inthis aspect, the service discovery frame may be transmitted via the NANchannel during a discovery window of the NAN. In each of these aspects,a type of the indication of traffic may be identified by one or morebits of a data link control field of a data link attribute included in aSDF.

To illustrate, the first electronic device may transmit an indication oftraffic to electronic devices of the data link other than the firstelectronic device. The indication of traffic may identify one or moreelectronic devices as recipients of data from the first electronicdevice during a transmission window. When the second electronic devicereceives the indication of traffic (e.g., the traffic announcementmessage or the SDF), the second electronic device may determine whetherthe indication of traffic identifies the second electronic device as arecipient of data from the first electronic device. In particularaspects, the recipients of the data may be identified or indicated by atraffic indication map or by a Bloom filter included in the trafficannouncement message or the SDF. In response to determining that thesecond electronic device is not identified as the recipient, the secondelectronic device may transition to the low-power operating mode duringthe transmission window. In response to determining that the secondelectronic device is identified as the recipient, the second electronicdevice may remain in an active operating mode and may monitor the secondwireless network (e.g., the data link network) for data transmissionsfrom the first electronic device during the transmission window.

To reduce a likelihood that the first electronic device transmits datawhen the second electronic device is unable to receive the data, thesecond electronic device may be configured to transmit anacknowledgement to the first electronic device in response todetermining that the second electronic device is identified as therecipient. The first electronic device may send the data to the secondelectronic device in response to receiving the acknowledgement. In aparticular aspect, the acknowledgement may serve as, represent, and/orbe interpreted as a power-save poll (PS-POLL) frame. In anotherparticular aspect, the acknowledgement may be a quality of service null(QoS_NULL) frame. In some implementations, the QoS_NULL frame indicatesa reverse direction grant (RDG) from the second electronic device to thefirst electronic device. For example, one or more bits of the QoS_NULLframe may indicate that the first electronic device may send data to thesecond electronic device during a transmit opportunity of the secondelectronic device. To illustrate, the first electronic device maytransmit data without contending for a wireless communication medium. Inother implementations, the QoS_NULL frame may not indicate a RDG. Inanother particular aspect, after transmitting the indication of traffic,the first electronic device may transmit a null frame to the secondelectronic device. The second electronic device may transmit anacknowledgement (ACK) frame to the first electronic device responsive toreceiving the null frame.

In a particular aspect, a method includes generating a first trafficannouncement message at a first electronic device of a data link. Thefirst traffic announcement message may indicate first data is to betransmitted from the first electronic device to a second electronicdevice of the data link. The method further includes transmitting thefirst traffic announcement message to one or more electronic devices ofthe data link during a first paging window. For example, the firsttraffic announcement message may be transmitted over (e.g., via) a datalink channel of a data link network during a data link paging window. Asanother example, the first traffic announcement message may betransmitted via a NAN channel (of a NAN in which electronic devices ofthe data link participate) during a NAN paging window.

In another particular aspect, an apparatus includes a processor and amemory coupled to the processor. The memory may store instructionsexecutable by the processor to perform operations including generating afirst traffic announcement message at a first electronic device of adata link. The first traffic announcement message may indicate firstdata is to be transmitted from the first electronic device to a secondelectronic device of the data link. The operations further includetransmitting the first traffic announcement message to one or moreelectronic devices of the data link during a first paging window.

In another particular aspect, an apparatus includes means for generatinga traffic announcement message at a first electronic device of a datalink. The traffic announcement message may indicate first data is to betransmitted from the first electronic device to a second electronicdevice of the data link. The apparatus further includes means fortransmitting the traffic announcement message to one or more electronicdevices of the data link during a paging window.

In another particular aspect, a non-transitory computer readable mediummay store instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause theprocessor to generate a traffic announcement message at a firstelectronic device of a data link. The traffic announcement message mayindicate first data is to be transmitted from the first electronicdevice to a second electronic device of the data link. The instructionsmay further cause the processor to transmit the traffic announcementmessage to one or more electronic devices of the data link during apaging window.

One advantage provided by the disclosure is a reduction in powerconsumption at one or more electronic devices of the data link. Becausethe internal clocks of the electronic devices of the data link aresynchronized based on synchronization from the NAN, each electronicdevice of the data link may determine a particular time period totransition to the active operating mode and to monitor a wirelessnetwork for indications of traffic. If a particular electronic device isnot identified as a recipient of data in the indications of traffic, theparticular electronic device may reduce power consumption bytransitioning to the low-power operating mode during the transmissionwindow or may perform operations corresponding to other data links orother networks during the transmission window.

Other aspects, advantages, and features of the present disclosure willbecome apparent after a review of the entire application, including thefollowing sections: Brief Description of the Drawings, DetailedDescription, and the Claims.

V. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system that includes a neighbor aware network(NAN) that includes one or more electronic devices included in one ormore data links;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of operation of the system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating operation of a multi-hop data link ofthe system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a first example of operation of asingle-hop data link of the system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a second example of operation of asingle-hop data link of the system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a system operable to perform data link networkcommunication. The system of FIG. 6 may include one or more of theelectronic devices of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a service advertisement;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating examples of a service attribute and aNAN-DL attribute;

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating examples of service instances mapped toNAN-DL attributes;

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a NAN-DL control fieldand examples of paging windows defined by the NAN-DL control field;

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram of a first illustrative method of operation atan electronic device of a data link;

FIG. 12 is a flow diagram of a second illustrative method of operationat an electronic device of a data link;

FIG. 13 is a flow diagram of a third illustrative method of operation atan electronic device of a data link;

FIG. 14 is a flow diagram of a fourth illustrative method of operationat an electronic device of a data link;

FIG. 15 is a flow diagram of a fifth illustrative method of operation atan electronic device of a data link;

FIG. 16 is a flow diagram of a sixth illustrative method of operation atan electronic device of a data link;

FIG. 17 is a flow diagram of a seventh illustrative method of operationat an electronic device of a data link;

FIG. 18 is a flow diagram of a eighth illustrative method of operationat an electronic device of a data link;

FIG. 19 is a flow diagram of a ninth illustrative method of operation atan electronic device of a data link;

FIG. 20 is a flow diagram of a tenth illustrative method of operation atan electronic device of a data link;

FIG. 21 is a flow diagram of an eleventh method of operation at anelectronic device of a data link; and

FIG. 22 is a diagram of a wireless device that is operable to supportvarious aspects of one or more methods, systems, apparatuses, and/orcomputer-readable media disclosed herein.

VI. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Particular implementations of the present disclosure are described belowwith reference to the drawings. In the description, common features aredesignated by common reference numbers throughout the drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, a system 100 that includes a neighbor aware network(NAN) 102 is shown. The NAN 102 includes one or more electronic devices104-116 configured to perform data exchanges via wireless communicationsbetween the electronic devices 104-116. The data exchanges may beperformed without involving wireless carriers, wireless fidelity (wi-fi)access points, and/or the Internet. For example, the NAN 102 may includea first electronic device 104, a second electronic device 106, a thirdelectronic device 108, a fourth electronic device 110, a fifthelectronic device 112, a sixth electronic device 114, and a seventhelectronic device 116. The system 100 is illustrated for convenienceonly and is not limiting. For example, in other implementations thesystem 100 may include more electronic devices or fewer electronicdevices than illustrated in FIG. 1, and the electronic devices may belocated at different locations than illustrated in FIG. 1.

One or more of the electronic devices 104-116 may also be included inone or more “data links.” A data link may also be referred to as a datalink network, a group network, a NAN data link (NDL) network, a datapath group, a data path group network, or a NAN data path group network.In some implementations, the data link may include a mesh network, suchas a “social Wi-Fi mesh network,” as an illustrative, non-limitingexample. The data link may include multiple devices that are able toform a network, such as a decentralized wireless network. Additionally,each device of the data link may share a type of data announcement andmay use shared security credentials. For example, security information,such as group keys or common network keys, may be shared between theelectronic devices in the data link using wireless communication that isin band or out of band with respect to one or more group communicationchannels of the data link. In some implementations, the devices of thedata link may be synchronized to have periodic wake-up times, such astime periods when each of the devices is awake to advertise a serviceand/or to receive traffic or other messages. Each data link maycorrespond to a service provided by one or more of the electronicdevices 104-116, such as a music service, a social media sharingservice, a file sharing service, a data sharing service, and/or otherservices. The electronic devices included in a data link may be a subsetof the electronic devices in the NAN 102. For example, a particular datalink may include the electronic devices 104-112 and not the electronicdevices 114 and 116.

The electronic devices 104-116 may be configured to offer a service toother members of a data link. For example, in FIG. 1, the firstelectronic device 104 may provide a service to other electronic devicesof a data link. The data link may be a “single-hop” data link or a“multi-hop” data link, as further described herein. The first electronicdevice may be configured to transmit a data announcement 120 to theelectronic devices 106-112 that are within a “one-hop” range (e.g.,within a distance that enables the electronic devices 106-112 to receivewireless communications from the first electronic device 104) if thefirst electronic device 104 has data 122 to transmit to anotherelectronic device of the data link. The data announcement 120 may be atraffic announcement message or a service discovery frame (SDF), asfurther described herein. The data announcement 120 may identify asubset of electronic devices as recipients of the data 122 from thefirst electronic device 104.

The electronic devices 106-112 may be configured to receive the dataannouncement 120 and to determine a corresponding operating mode duringa transmission window based on the data announcement 120. For example,the operating mode may be an active operating mode or a low-poweroperating mode based on whether the electronic devices 106-112 areidentified as recipients. Devices identified as recipients are includedin the subset of electronic devices. An electronic device that isidentified as a recipient (e.g., the second electronic device 106) maybe configured to send an acknowledgement (ACK) 124 in response to thedata announcement. In some implementations, the acknowledgement 124 mayinclude or may correspond to a power save poll (PS-POLL) message or aquality of service null (QoS_NULL) frame, as further described herein.In some implementations, the QoS_NULL frame may indicate a reversedirection grant (RDG). In other implementations, the QoS_NULL frame doesnot indicate an RDG. In another implementation, the acknowledgement 124may be an ACK frame, and the acknowledgement 124 may be sent in responseto a NULL frame 126 received from the first electronic device 104 afterthe data announcement 120, as further described herein. The firstelectronic device 104 may be further configured to transmit the data 122in response to receiving the acknowledgement 124. Although the firstelectronic device 104 has been described as the provider of the service,in other implementations, any of the electronic devices 104-116 mayprovide the service and transmit the data announcement 120 to otherelectronic devices within a one-hop range.

Each of the electronic devices 104-116 may be a fixed electronic deviceor a mobile electronic device. For example, the electronic devices104-116 may include or correspond to mobile phones, laptop computers,tablet computers, multimedia devices, peripheral devices, data storagedevices, or a combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, eachof the electronic devices 104-116 may include a processor, such as acentral processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), anetwork processing unit (NPU), etc., a memory, such as a random accessmemory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), etc., and a wireless interfaceconfigured to send and receive data via one or more wireless networks orwireless communication channels, as further described with reference toFIG. 22. The wireless interface may interface with a wireless receiverand a wireless transmitter. Although certain operations described hereinmay be described with reference to a “receiver” or a “transmitter,” inother implementations a transceiver may perform both data receiving anddata transmitting operations. The first electronic device 104 mayinclude data announcement logic 130 and acknowledge logic 134, and thesecond electronic device 106 may include data announcement logic 132 andacknowledge logic 136. The data announcement logics 130, 132 maycorrespond to data announcement logic 2264 of FIG. 22, and theacknowledge logics 134, 136 may correspond to the acknowledge logic 2266of FIG. 22. The illustration in FIG. 1 is for convenience only, and eachof the electronic devices 108-116 may include corresponding dataannouncement logic and acknowledge logic.

The electronic devices 104-116 may exchange data and/or services via oneor more wireless networks. As used herein, a transmission “via” awireless network may include, but is not limited to, a “point-to-point”transmission between two electronic devices of the wireless network. Asanother example, a transmission via the wireless network may include acommunication that is “broadcast” (e.g., transmitted) from a particularelectronic device of the wireless network to multiple other electronicdevices of the wireless network. As used herein, the electronic devices104-116 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or morewireless protocols and/or standards, such as an Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard. For example, theelectronic devices 104-116 may operate in accordance with an IEEE802.11a, b, g, n, s, aa, ac, ad, ae, af, or mc standard. Additionally,the electronic devices 104-116 may operate in accordance with one ormore NAN standards or protocols. Additionally, one or more of theelectronic devices 104-116 may be configured to communicate with acellular network via one or more cellular communication protocols and/orstandards, such as a code division multiple access (CDMA) protocol, anorthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) protocol, anorthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) protocol, a timedivision multiple access (TDMA) protocol, a space division multipleaccess (SDMA) protocol, etc. Additionally, one or more of the electronicdevices 104-116 may be configured to operate in accordance with one ormore near-field communications standards, such as a Bluetooth standard.Additionally, one or more of the electronic devices 104-116 may exchangedata via infrared or other near-field communications.

Each of the electronic devices 104-116 may enter and exit the NAN 102 atvarious times during operation. For example, an electronic device thatis not within the NAN 102 may detect a discovery beacon and mayassociate with the NAN 102 during a discovery window identified by thediscovery beacon, in accordance with a NAN standard or protocol.Additionally, the electronic devices 104-116 may disassociate from theNAN 102 at any time. While within the NAN 102, the electronic devices104-116 may be configured to transmit or to receive service discoveryframes (SDFs) that advertise a service provided by at least oneelectronic device of the NAN 102. Additionally, while within the NAN102, the electronic devices 104-116 may be configured to transmit or toreceive synchronization beacons to or from one or more electronicdevices of the NAN 102. A synchronization beacon may indicatesynchronization information and may be formed in accordance with one ormore NAN standards or protocols. Each of the electronic devices 104-116may be configured to synchronize a respective internal clock based onthe synchronization beacons. For example, the internal clock may beincluded in timing circuitry of the data announcement logic 130, 132.The synchronization beacons may be retransmitted (e.g., rebroadcast) bysome of the electronic devices 104-116 within the NAN 102, in accordancewith a NAN standard or protocol, to enable the synchronization beaconsto reach electronic devices that are beyond a wireless communicationrange of the electronic device that transmits the synchronizationbeacon. In a particular implementation, the synchronization beacons maybe transmitted between electronic devices of the NAN 102 via a firstwireless channel, such as a “NAN channel.” As used referred to herein, a“NAN channel” is a particular wireless channel that is reserved forelectronic devices to perform NAN discovery operations and NANsynchronization operations. As used herein, the “NAN channel”corresponds to the NAN 102, and communications in the NAN 102 may beperformed via the NAN channel.

As described above, in addition to being included in the NAN 102, one ormore of the electronic devices 104-116 may be included in one or moredata links. A data link may correspond to a service provided by one ofthe electronic devices 104-116. For example, in FIG. 1, the firstelectronic device 104 may provide a service to other electronic devicesin a data link. The service may be a music service, a social media ormessage sharing service, etc. As another example, the first electronicdevice 104 may be part of another network, such as an access point (AP)based network or an independent basic service set (IBSS) network, andthe first electronic device 104 may be configured to advertise the othernetwork to enable other electronic devices of the NAN 102 to join theother network via the first electronic device 104.

The data links may include “single-hop” data links or “multi-hop” datalinks. A single-hop data link may include one or more electronic devicesthat are within a wireless communication range (e.g., distance) of aprovider. A provider may be an electronic device that provides a serviceto electronic devices of a data link. A multi-hop data link may includeone or more electronic devices that are outside a wireless communicationrange of the provider. In the multi-hop data link, at least oneelectronic device may receive a message (including data) from theprovider and may rebroadcast the message to another electronic devicethat outside of the wireless communication range of the provider. In aparticular implementation, the data link may be a multi-hop data linkthat includes the electronic devices 104-116. In this implementation,wireless communications from the first electronic device 104 to thesixth electronic device 114 or to the seventh electronic device 116 maybe routed by the fourth electronic device 110 or the fifth electronicdevice 112, respectively. In another particular implementation, the datalink may be a single-hop data link that includes the electronic devices104-112. The sixth electronic device 114 and the seventh electronicdevice 116 may not be included in the single-hop data link because thesixth electronic device 114 and the seventh electronic device 116 arenot within a wireless communication range of the first electronic device104.

If the first electronic device 104 is configured to provide a service,such as by operating as a provider of the service, the first electronicdevice 104 may transmit data to other electronic devices of the datalink. For example, to share a music service, the first electronic device104 may transmit music data to another electronic device in the datalink. As another example, to share a social media service, the firstelectronic device 104 may transmit text data, image data, video data, ora combination thereof, to another electronic device in the data link. Ina particular implementation, the data may be transmitted betweenelectronic devices of the data link via a second wireless channel, suchas a “data link” channel. As used herein, a “data link channel” is aparticular wireless channel that is reserved for electronic devices in acorresponding data link to communicate data corresponding to sharing aservice. Additionally, the data link channel may be used for sharingsecurity information, for performing association operations, and forperforming routing operations (in multi-hop data links). In someimplementations, the data link channel and the NAN channel may bedifferent wireless channels that correspond to different wirelessfrequency bands. In a particular implementation, the NAN channel may bea 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) channel, and the data link channel may be a 5 GHzchannel. In particular implementations, the data link channel and theNAN channel may be the same wireless channel. For example, one or moreof the electronic devices 104-116 may share data with the data link viathe NAN 102 (e.g., via the NAN channel). In some implementations, theNAN 102 may include multiple data links, and each of the multiple datalinks may correspond to a distinct data link channel. The multiple datalinks may correspond to different services provided by differentelectronic devices in the NAN 102. In other implementations, electronicdevices of the multiple data links may share data via the NAN 102.

During operation, one of the electronic devices of the NAN 102 maygenerate and transmit a synchronization (sync) beacon 140 in accordancewith a NAN standard or protocol. For example, the fourth electronicdevice 110 may transmit the synchronization beacon 140 via the NANchannel. Although illustrated in FIG. 1 as being transmitted to thefirst electronic device 104, this illustration is for convenience only,and the synchronization beacon 140 may be transmitted to any electronicdevice within a one-hop range of the fourth electronic device 110, andmay be retransmit such that the synchronization beacon 140 propagatesthroughout the NAN 102. Each of the electronic devices 104-116 mayreceive the synchronization beacon 140 and may perform synchronizationoperations based on the synchronization beacon 140. For example, thefirst electronic device 104 may synchronize timing circuitry, such as aninternal clock, included in the data announcement logic 130 based on thesynchronization beacon 140, and the second electronic device 106 maysynchronize timing circuitry included in the data announcement logic 132based on the synchronization beacon 140

After performing the synchronization operations, the first electronicdevice 104 may begin operating as a provider of a service to electronicdevices of a data link. If the first electronic device 104 has the data122 to transmit to other electronic devices in the data link, the firstelectronic device 104 may generate the data announcement 120, via thedata announcement logic 130. The data announcement 120 may identify asubset of electronic devices as recipients of the data 122 from thefirst electronic device 104. For example, the data announcement 120 mayidentify the second electronic device 106 as the recipient of the data122. In some implementations, the data announcement 120 includes arecipient type indicator 150 and an address list 152 that identifiesand/or indicates recipients of the data 122. In these implementations,the address list 152 may be represented by a traffic indication map orby a Bloom filter, as further described herein. In other examples, anyof the electronic devices 108-112 may be identified as recipients of thedata 122 in the data announcement 120. In some implementations, the dataannouncement 120 may also include one or more service attributes 170, asfurther described with reference to FIGS. 7-10. The data announcement120 may further include one or more NAN-data link (DL) attributes 180.An indicator in the one or more service attributes 170 may identify oneor more of the NAN-DL attributes 180. A single data announcement 120 inFIG. 1 is illustrated as including the one or more service attributes170 and the one or more NAN-DL attributes 180 for convenience; however,each of the data announcements 120 in FIG. 1 may include the one or moreservice attributes 170 and the one or more NAN-DL attributes 180.

The first electronic device 104 may determine a particular time period(a paging window), via the data announcement logic 130, and may transmitthe data announcement 120 to the electronic devices 106-112 during theparticular time period. The electronic devices 106-112 may determine theparticular time period. For example, the second electronic device 106may determine the particular time period via the data announcement logic132. Because the data announcement logic 130 and the data announcementlogic 132 include timing circuitry that are synchronized based on thesynchronization beacon 140, the particular time period determined by thefirst electronic device 104 may be the same, or substantially similarto, the particular time period determined by the second electronicdevice 106. The electronic devices 108-112 may determine the particulartime period via corresponding data announcement logic, which is notillustrated for convenience. In some implementations, the particulartime period (e.g., the paging window) may be determined based on aparticular NAN-DL attribute of the one or more NAN-DL attributes 180that corresponds to an instance of a service provided by the firstelectronic device 104.

After determining the particular time period, the electronic devices106-112 may operate in an active operating mode and may receive the dataannouncement 120 during the particular time period. The electronicdevices 108-112 may determine, via the data announcement logic 132 (ordata announcement logic corresponding to the electronic devices 108-112)that the data announcement 120 identifies the second electronic device106 as the recipient of the data 122. In response to determining thatthe electronic devices 108-112 are not identified by the dataannouncement 120 as recipients of the data 122, the corresponding dataannouncement logic of the electronic devices 108-112 may transition theelectronic devices 108-112 from the active operating mode to a low-poweroperating mode, such as a “sleep mode,” during a transmission window ofthe data link. Alternatively, the electronic devices 108-112 may performoperations corresponding to other networks or other data links duringthe transmission window. In response to determining that the secondelectronic device 106 is identified as the recipient of the data 122,the data announcement logic 132 of the second electronic device 106 maymaintain the second electronic device 106 in an active operating modeduring the transmission window.

Additionally, in response to determining that the second electronicdevice 106 is identified as the recipient of the data 122, the secondelectronic device 106 may generate the acknowledgement 124 via theacknowledge logic 136. After generating the acknowledgement 124, thesecond electronic device 106 may transmit the acknowledgement 124 viathe data link channel to the first electronic device 104. In someimplementations, the first electronic device 104 may generate, via theacknowledge logic 134, the NULL frame 126 and may transmit the nullframe 126 to the second electronic device 106 via the data link channel.In this implementation, the second electronic device 106 may transmitthe acknowledgement 124 in response to the NULL frame 126. Aftertransmitting the acknowledgement 124, the second electronic device 106may monitor the data link channel for data transmissions from the firstelectronic device 104.

The first electronic device 104 may receive the acknowledgement 124,and, via the acknowledge logic 134, determine to transmit the data 122to the second electronic device 106 in response to receiving theacknowledgement 124. The first electronic device 104 may transmit thedata 122 to the second electronic device 106 via the data link channel.In some implementations, the data announcement 120 may further identifya second subset of electronic devices as recipients of second data fromthe first electronic device 104 via a second data link. For example, thedata announcement 120 may identify the third electronic device 108 as arecipient of the second data. The third electronic device 108 and thefirst electronic device 104, via a second data link channel, may performacknowledgement and data transmission operations similar to theabove-described operations between the second electronic device 106 andthe first electronic device 104.

In a particular implementation, the data link is a multi-hop data link.For example, the data link may include the electronic devices 104-116.In this implementation, the data announcement 120 may be a trafficannouncement message. In this implementation, the first electronicdevice 104 may generate the traffic announcement message via the dataannouncement logic 130 may transmit the traffic announcement message viathe data link channel. Additionally, in this implementation, theparticular time period may be a paging window of the data link. Thepaging window may be a time period that is reserved within the data linkfor the exchange of traffic announcement messages between the electronicdevices 104-116. The paging window may occur during a discovery periodcorresponding to the NAN 102. The discovery period may refer to a periodbetween two subsequent discovery windows. Timing of the paging window isfurther described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. In someimplementations, information, such as a duration, a schedule, and/orother information corresponding to the paging window may be included ina data link attribute of a service discovery frame, as further describedherein. In other implementations, information corresponding to pagingwindows may be included in a NAN-DL attribute, such as the one or moreNAN-DL attributes 180, as further described herein. In otherimplementations, the information, such as the schedule, may be includedin a further availability attribute (FAA), as further described herein.

In this implementation, each of the electronic devices 104-116 mayoperate in the active operating mode during the paging window and maymonitor the data link channel to receive (or to send) trafficannouncement messages. In FIG. 1, the electronic devices 104-116 monitorthe data link channel and the electronic devices 106-112 receive thetraffic announcement from the first electronic device 104. Theelectronic devices 114, 116 may receive traffic announcement messagestransmitted by the electronic devices 110, 112, respectively. In thisimplementation, the electronic devices 104-116 may also monitor the datalink channel during the paging window to perform routing operations, toperform association operations, or to exchange security information.Routing operations, association operations, and exchange of securityinformation may occur during the paging window because each of theelectronic devices 104-116 will be operating in the active operatingmode and monitoring the data link channel during the paging window.

In this implementation, a duration of the paging window may be variable.The duration of the paging window may be determined by the electronicdevice that is operating as the provider (e.g., the first electronicdevice 104) of a service, and may be included in a data link attributeof a service discovery frame or in one of the one or more NAN-DLattributes 180, as further described herein. Thus, each of theelectronic devices 106-112 that receive the service discovery frame fromthe first electronic device 104 will be able to determine the durationof the paging window. The duration of the paging window may bedetermined based on a number of electronic devices that are offeringservices within the first data link. The number of electronic devicesthat are offering services may be determined based on a number of rootannouncement (RANN) messages received by the first electronic device104. For example, each of the electronic devices 104-116 may generateand transmit a RANN, via the NAN channel, if the correspondingelectronic device is offering a service to the data link. In aparticular implementation, the RANN may be generated in accordance witha hybrid wireless mesh protocol (HWMP) as described in the IEEE 802.11sstandard. The RANN may enable other electronic devices to determinepaths to the transmitting electronic device through the NAN 102. Thefirst electronic device 104 may maintain a count of RANN messagesreceived and may determine the duration of the paging window based onthe count. In a particular implementation, the first electronic device104 may determine the duration of the paging window by mapping the countof RANN messages to a value in a mapping table. For example, a count offive RANN messages (indicating five providers) may map to a pagingwindow duration of five milliseconds (ms). As another example, a countof one hundred RANN messages may map to a paging window duration of 20ms. In another implementation, the first electronic device 104 maydetermine the duration of the paging window based on the count of RANNmessages using an algorithm. In at least one implementation, the countof RANN messages may be proportional to the duration of the pagingwindow. For example, a large count value of RANN messages may correspondto a longer paging window duration than a small count value of RANNmessages.

In another particular implementation, the data link is a single-hop datalink. For example, the data link may include the electronic devices104-112 and not the electronic devices 114, 116. In this implementation,the data announcement 120 may be a traffic announcement message. In thisimplementation, the first electronic device 104 may generate the trafficannouncement message via the data announcement logic 130 and maytransmit the traffic announcement message via the NAN channel.Additionally, in this implementation, the particular time period may bea paging window of the data link. The paging window may be a time periodthat is reserved within the data link for the exchange of trafficannouncement messages between the electronic devices 104-116. The pagingwindow may occur during a discovery period corresponding to the NAN 102.Timing of the paging window is further described with reference to FIGS.2 and 4. In some implementations, information (e.g., a duration, aschedule, etc.) corresponding to the paging window may be included in adata link attribute of a service discovery frame, as further describedherein. In other implementations, information corresponding to pagingwindows may be included in a NAN-DL attribute, such as the one or moreNAN-DL attributes 180, as further described herein. In otherimplementations, the information, such as the schedule, may be includedin a further availability attribute (FAA), as further described herein.

In this implementation, each of the electronic devices 104-116 mayoperate in the active operating mode during the paging window and maymonitor the NAN channel to receive (or to send) traffic announcementmessages. In FIG. 1, the electronic devices 104-112 monitor the NAN andthe electronic devices 106-112 receive the traffic announcement message(e.g., the data announcement 120) from the first electronic device 104.The traffic announcement message may identify the first electronicdevice 104 as a sender, identify a subset of electronic devices (e.g.,the second electronic device 106) as recipients of the data 122 from thefirst electronic device, and identify a data link and/or a data linkchannel corresponding to transmission of the data 122. In someimplementations, the traffic announcement message may includeinformation corresponding to multiple data links. For example, thetraffic announcement message may further identify the first electronicdevice 104 as the sender, identify the second electronic device 106 asthe recipient of the data 122 via the first data link channel, andidentify the third electronic device 108 as a recipient of additionaldata via a second data link channel corresponding to a second data link.

In this implementation, each of the electronic devices 104-112 mayoperate in the active operating mode during the paging window and maymonitor the NAN channel to receive (or to send) traffic announcementmessages. In this implementation, a duration of the paging window may bea particular value. For example, the duration of the paging window maycorrespond to the service being provided by the first electronic device104. The duration of the paging window may be included in a data linkattribute of a service discovery frame, as further described herein.

The electronic devices 106-112 may determine whether to change a channelof a receiver and a transmitter (or a transceiver) based on the trafficannouncement message. For example, the second electronic device 106 mayreceive and process the traffic announcement message via the dataannouncement logic 132. In response to determining that the secondelectronic device 106 is indicated as a recipient of the data 122, thedata announcement logic 132 may change a channel of a receiver and atransmitter (or a transceiver) of the second electronic device 106 tothe data link channel in order to send the acknowledgement 124 and toreceive the data 122. In response to determining that the electronicdevices 108-112 are not indicated as recipients of the data 122, each ofthe electronic devices 108-112 may maintain a channel of a receiver anda transmitter (or a transceiver) set to the NAN channel. The electronicdevices 108-112 may also transition to the low-power operating modeuntil a next paging window, when the electronic devices 108-112 maytransition to the active operating mode to monitor the NAN channel foradditional traffic announcement messages. By preventing the electronicdevices 108-112 from changing the channel of the receiver and thetransmitter (or the transceiver), the system 100 may enable theelectronic devices to reduce power consumption when the dataannouncement 120 is the traffic announcement message that is transmittedvia the NAN channel.

In some implementations, the first electronic device 104 may provide aservice to a small number of other electronic devices. For example, thefirst electronic device 104 may provide a service to the secondelectronic device 106 and the third electronic device 108. In theseimplementations, when the first electronic device 104 has data to betransmitted to other electronic devices, the first electronic device 104may provide individual data announcements to each electronic device. Forexample, the first electronic device 104 may unicast a second dataannouncement to the second electronic device 106. A unicast dataannouncement message may be referred to as an announcement trafficindication message (ATIM). The second data announcement may indicatethat the first electronic device 104 has data to send to the secondelectronic device 106. In response to receiving the second dataannouncement, the second electronic device 106 may transmit anacknowledgement (ACK) to the first electronic device. After receivingthe ACK corresponding to the second data announcement, the firstelectronic device 104 may unicast a third data announcement (e.g., anATIM) to the third electronic device 108. In response to receiving thethird data announcement, the third electronic device 108 may transmit anACK to the first electronic device. In some implementations, the dataannouncements are transmitted and the corresponding ACKs are receivedduring a single paging window. In other implementations, the second dataannouncement and the third data announcement may be transmitted duringdifferent paging windows. In some implementations, the second dataannouncement and the third data announcement may be ATIMs formed inaccordance with one or more standards, such as an IEEE 802.11 standardor a Wi-Fi Alliance standard, as non-limiting examples. Because thesecond data announcement and the third data announcement are addressedto individual recipients (e.g., the second electronic device 106 and thethird electronic device 108), the second data announcement and the thirddata announcement may not include traffic indicator maps withidentifiers that are generated during association processes. Thus, thedata announcements, such as the ATIMs, may be used to indicate data forservices that do not require an association process.

In some implementations, if the data announcement 120 is the trafficannouncement message, such as in multi-hop data links and in single-hopdata links, the traffic announcement message may include the recipienttype indicator 150. A logical value of the recipient type indicator 150may indicate whether the address list 152 that identifies and/orindicates the recipients of the data 122 is represented by a trafficindication map (TIM) or by a Bloom filter. For example, if the recipienttype indicator 150 has a logical value of zero, the address list 152 maybe represented by the TIM, and if the recipient type indicator 150 has alogical value of one, the address list 152 may be represented by theBloom filter. In other implementations, the recipient type indicator 150has a logical value of one if the address list 152 is represented by theTIM and has a logical value of zero if the address list 152 isrepresented by the Bloom filter.

In some implementations, the data announcement 120 is a servicediscovery frame (SDF). The SDF frame may be used to indicate thattraffic is to be sent from the first electronic device 104 to otherelectronic devices of the NAN 102. In a particular implementation, theSDF may include a traffic announcement attribute. The trafficannouncement attribute may include multiple fields and may includeindications of recipients of data, such as a TIM or a Bloom filter. Aparticular implementation of the traffic announcement attribute is shownin Table 1. The traffic announcement attribute shown in Table 1 isillustrative and is not limiting. In other implementations, the trafficannouncement attribute may include fewer fields or more fields thanshown in Table 1 and/or the fields may be arranged in a different order.In other implementations, the data announcement 120 may have a differentform. As a non-limiting example, the data announcement 120 may be amanagement frame or action frame that is different than a SDF.

TABLE 1 Size Field (octets) Description Attribute 1 Identifies the typeof attribute ID Length 2 Length of traffic announcement attribute DataLink 6 Data link group identifier Group ID Traffic variable Type LengthValue (TLV) field carrying traffic Indicator announcement for multiplerecipients. The “Type” field indicates the type of the traffic indicator(TIM element, Bloom Filter, or list of MAC addresses that indicaterecipients of data) and the “Length” field indicates the length of the“Value” field that carries the traffic indicator.

As shown in Table 1, the traffic announcement attribute may include anattribute identifier (ID) field, a length field, a data link group IDfield, and a traffic indicator field. In a particular implementation,the attribute ID field may have a vendor specific attribute ID. Thelength field may be a variable length field indicating a length of thetraffic announcement attribute. The data link group ID field may includean identifier of the data link that the traffic announcement belongs to.In a particular implementation, the traffic indicator field may be avariable length field that includes the recipient type indicator 150 anda TIM or a Bloom filter (or other list of MAC addresses) based on avalue of the recipient type indicator 150. In other implementations, thetraffic announcement attribute may not include the recipient typeindicator 150. In a particular implementation, the traffic indicatorfield is a “type length value” (TLV) field that includes a type field, alength field, and a value field. The type field may indicate the type oftraffic announcement that is included in the value field, such as a TIMelement, a Bloom filter, or a list of MAC addresses that indicaterecipients of data. The length field may indicate a length of the valuefield, and the value field may include the traffic indicator. Thetraffic indicator may include a TIM element, a Bloom filter, or a listof MAC addresses.

If the recipient type indicator 150 has a logical value corresponding tothe TIM, the address list 152 may be represented by a TIM that isincluded in the traffic announcement message. The TIM may be a bitmapthat indicates whether electronic devices are included in the subset ofelectronic devices designated as recipients of the data 122. Each bit ofthe TIM may correspond to a different electronic device of the datalink, and a value of each bit may indicate whether or not thecorresponding electronic device is a recipient of the data 122. Acorrespondence between the bit of the TIM and each electronic device maybe based on an association identification (AID) assigned by the firstelectronic device 104 during an association with the first electronicdevice 104. For example, when the second electronic device 106associates with the first electronic device 104, the electronic devices104, 106 may generate and exchange AID numbers. To illustrate, thesecond electronic device 106 may associate with the first electronicdevice 104 and may receive an AID of 2 from the first electronic device104. The electronic devices 108-112 may receive AIDs of 3, 4, and 5,respectively, during association with the first electronic device 104.The AIDs may be used by the electronic devices 106-112 to identifycorresponding bits in the TIM. For example, a second bit of the TIM maycorrespond to the second electronic device 106 due to the AID of 2. Inthis example, a third bit, a fourth bit, and a fifth bit of the TIM maycorrespond to the electronic devices 108-112, respectively (a first bitof the TIM may be reserved).

Each of the electronic devices 106-112 may determine whether it is arecipient of the data 122 based on the corresponding bit in the TIM. Forexample, the electronic devices 106-112 may determine that the secondelectronic device 106 is a recipient of the data 122 may be based on thesecond bit of the TIM having a logical value of one, and the electronicdevices 106-112 may determine that the electronic devices 108-112 arenot recipients may be based on the third bit, the fourth bit, and thefifth bit of the TIM having logical zero values. In a particularimplementation, an AID space of the first electronic device may bepartitioned into groups corresponding to multiple data links. Forexample, AIDs 2-10 may correspond to the first data link, and AIDs 11-20may correspond to a second data link. In this example, when the secondelectronic device 106 associates with the first electronic device 104 aspart of the first data link, the second electronic device 106 mayreceive an AID of 2. When the second electronic device 106 associateswith the first electronic device 104 as part of the second data link,the second electronic device 106 may receive an AID of 12. The TIM maybe similarly partitioned to represent recipients of data via multipledata links. For example, the second electronic device 106 may beindicated as a recipient via the first data link based on a value of thesecond bit of the TIM, and the second electronic device 106 may beindicated as a recipient via second data link based on a value of thetwelfth bit of the TIM. In this manner, the first electronic device 104may generate a single TIM that is included in the traffic announcementmessage to indicate data to be transmitted via multiple data links. Eachof the electronic devices 106-112 may check multiple values in the TIMto determine whether data is to be received via the multiple data links.

If the recipient type indicator 150 has a logical value corresponding tothe Bloom filter, the address list 152 may be represented by a Bloomfilter that is included in the traffic announcement message. The Bloomfilter is a data structure (e.g., a string of bits) that indicatesmembership in a set without explicitly identifying members of the set.The set may be a set of recipients of the data 122. The Bloom filter maybe smaller (e.g., use less storage space) than a TIM and thus may reduceoverhead in the networks and may reduce power consumed to transmit theBloom filter as compared to transmitting the TIM. An electronic devicemay be indicated as a recipient of the data 122 in the Bloom filterusing a set of hash functions corresponding to the Bloom filter. Forexample, the Bloom filter may be a bit array of m bits that areinitialized to a logical zero value, and the Bloom filter may correspondto a set of k hash functions. To indicate that a particular electronicdevice is a recipient of the data 122, a string of bits corresponding tothe particular electronic device may be passed through the k hashfunctions to generate a set of bit positions, and each bit in the Bloomfilter corresponding to the set of bit positions is set to a logical onevalue. In a particular implementation, the string of bits is a mediaaccess control (MAC) address of the particular electronic device. Otherelectronic devices may be indicated as recipients of the data 122 bydetermining corresponding sets of bit positions based on correspondingstrings of bits (e.g., MAC addresses) and by setting each bit in theBloom filter corresponding to the sets of bit positions to a logical onevalue.

In a particular implementation, a hash function H(j, X, M) representinga jth index has of a bit string X (e.g., a MAC address) for a Bloomfilter having length M is computed in three steps. A first intermediateresult A(j, X) may be determined based on Equation 1.A(j,X)=[j∥X]  (Eq. 1)

In Equation 1, ∥ represents a concatenation operation and j isrepresented in one byte. Thus, A(j, X) may represent a concatenation ofa one byte index (e.g., a jth index) with a MAC address (e.g., bitstring X). A second intermediate result B(j, X) may be determined basedon Equation 2.B(j,X)=CRC32(A(j,X))&0x0000FFFF  (Eq. 2)

In Equation 2, CRC32( ) is a 32-bit cyclic redundancy check operationdefined in a NAN standard. Thus, B(j, X) may represent the last twobytes of a result of a 32-bit CRC operation performed on the firstintermediate result A(j, X). The hash function H(j, X, M) may bedetermined based on Equation 3.H(j,X,M)=B(j,X)mod M  (Eq. 3)

In Equation 3, mod represents a modulo or modulus operation. In thismanner, multiple hash functions can be determined for multiple differentj indices using Equations 1-3. In other implementations, different hashfunctions may be used and communicated to the electronic devices of thedata link.

In a particular implementation, a set of four hash functions correspondsto the Bloom filter. A bloom filter index may be included in the trafficannouncement message to identify and/or indicate the set of four hashfunctions that corresponds to the Bloom filter. In a particularimplementation, the bloom filter index is a two-bit number thatindicates one of four sets of four hash functions determined based ondifferent index values using Equations 1-3. In this implementation, setof hash functions identified and/or indicated by the bloom filter indexare shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Bloom Filter Hash Functions Set Index (Binary) 1 2 3 4 1 00H(0x00, X, M) H(0x01, X, M) H(0x02, X, M) H(0x03, X, M) 2 01 H(0x04, X,M) H(0x05, X, M) H(0x06, X, M) H(0x07, X, M) 3 10 H(0x08, X, M) H(0x09,X, M) H(0x0A, X, M) H(0x0B, X, M) 4 11 H(0x0C, X, M) H(0x0D, X, M)H(0x0E, X, M) H(0x0F, X, M)

In the implementation where the traffic announcement message (e.g., thedata announcement 120) includes the Bloom filter, the first electronicdevice 104 may select a particular set of hash functions to correspondto the Bloom filter and may generate the Bloom filter based on theparticular set of hash functions and based on MAC addresses of theelectronic devices that are to receive the data 122. For example, thefirst electronic device 104 may determine that the second electronicdevice 106 is to be a recipient of the data 122, and the firstelectronic device 104 may generate the Bloom filter based on theparticular set of hash functions and based on a MAC address of thesecond electronic device 106. The first electronic device 104 may havepreviously stored the MAC addresses of one or more of the electronicdevices 106-112 during performance of association operations.

The Bloom filter, the Bloom filter index, and a size of the Bloom filtermay be included in the traffic announcement message generated by thefirst electronic device 104. The Bloom filter index may indicate theparticular set of hash functions that corresponds to the Bloom filter(as shown in Table 2). The size of the Bloom filter may indicate anumber of bits in the data structure. The size may be determined basedon a target false positive percentage corresponding to the Bloom filter.For example, the Bloom filter may generate false positive matches and apercentage of false positive matches generated by the Bloom filter maybe related to the size of the Bloom filter. A false positive match mayerroneously indicate that a particular electronic device is a recipientof the data 122. The first electronic device 104 may determine the sizesuch that the false positive percentage approaches a target falsepositive percentage. To illustrate, increasing the size of the Bloomfilter may decrease the false positive percentage, while decreasing thesize of the Bloom filter may reduce overhead used to transmit the Bloomfilter at a cost of increasing the false positive percentage.

Each of the electronic devices 106-112 may determine whether it is arecipient of the data 122 based on the Bloom filter, the set of hashfunctions indicated by the Bloom filter index, and a corresponding MACaddress. For example, the second electronic device 106 may determine aset of bit positions by passing a MAC address of the second electronicdevice 106 through the set of hash functions. The second electronicdevice 106 may compare bit(s) in the Bloom filter corresponding to eachof the set of bit positions to a particular value (e.g., a logical onevalue). If the bit(s) corresponding to the set of bit positions eachhave the particular value, the second electronic device 106 maydetermine that it is identified as a recipient of the data 122. If oneor more of the bit(s) corresponding to the set of bit positions do nothave the particular value (e.g., one or more of the bit(s) has a logicalzero value), the second electronic device 106 may determine that it isnot identified as a recipient of the data 122. In response todetermining that the second electronic device 106 is identified as arecipient of the data 122 in the Bloom filter, the second electronicdevice 106 may remain the active operating mode in order to receive thedata 122 from the first electronic device 104 during the datatransmission portion of the transmission window. In response todetermining that the second electronic device 106 is not identified as arecipient of the data 122 in the Bloom filter, the second electronicdevice 106 may transition into the low-power operating mode during thedata transmission portion of the transmission window.

In another particular implementation, the data link is a single-hop datalink. For example, the data link may include the electronic devices104-112 and not the electronic devices 114, 116. In this implementation,the data announcement 120 may be a service discovery frame (SDF). Inthis implementation, the first electronic device 104 may generate theSDF via the data announcement logic 130 and may transmit the SDF via theNAN channel. Additionally, in this implementation, the particular timeperiod may be a discovery window of the NAN 102. The discovery windowmay be a time period that is reserved within the NAN 102 for performingdiscovery operations and synchronization operations. Timing of thediscovery window is further described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 5.Information (e.g., a duration, a schedule, etc.) corresponding to thediscovery window may be included in a service discovery message that istransmitted by one or more electronic devices of the NAN 102, inaccordance with a NAN standard or protocol. Each of the electronicdevices 104-112 may operate in the active operating mode during thediscovery window and may monitor the NAN channel to receive (ortransmit) service discovery messages and/or synchronization beacons, inaccordance with a NAN standard or protocol.

The SDF may be a frame within a discovery beacon or a service discoverymessage of the NAN 102. For example, when the first electronic device104 provides a service, the first electronic device 104 may generate adiscovery beacon (or a service discovery message) that includes the SDF,via the data announcement logic 130. The SDF may include one or moreattributes that provide information about the service. For example, theSDF may include a service descriptor attribute. The service descriptorattribute may include multiple fields that provide information, such asa service name (or a hash of the service name), an instance IDcorresponding to the service, a control bitmap that corresponds to theservice, and other information, as described in a NAN standard orprotocol. The service descriptor attribute may also include a serviceresponse filter (SRF) field. The SRF field may be used to identify asubset of electronic devices as recipients of data. The SRF field mayinclude multiple fields. A particular implementation of the SRF field isshown in Table 3. It is to be noted that the particular implementationsshown in the tables herein are illustrative and are not to be consideredlimiting. In various implementations, data structures exemplified by thetables may include more, less, and/or different data than shown.Moreover, the order of data within a data structure may be changed. Forexample, in other implementations, the SRF field may include fewer ormore fields than included in Table 3 and/or the fields may be arrangedin a different order.

TABLE 3 Size Value Field (octets) (hex) Description SRF control 1Variable Includes control information corresponding to the SRF (seeTable 4) Address set Variable Variable List of partial MAC addresses orBloom filter, depending on SRF type bit in the SRF control field

As shown in Table 3, the SRF includes an SRF control field and anaddress set field. The SRF control field may indicate controlinformation corresponding to the SRF field. The address set maycorrespond to the address list 152 and may be represented by a sequenceof MAC addresses or by a Bloom filter, based on information indicated inthe SRF control field. The SRF control field may include multiplefields. A particular implementation of the SRF control filed is shown inTable 4. The particular implementation in Table 4 is illustrative andnot limiting. In other implementations, the SRF control field may feweror more bits than included in Table 4 and/or the bits may be arranged ina different order.

TABLE 4 Bit(s) Information Notes 0 SRF type Indicates whether theaddress set is represented bit by a sequence of partial MAC addresses orrepresented by a Bloom filter. 1 Inclusion Indicates whether the addressset indicates bit devices included in a list of recipients of traffic orexcluded from the list of recipients of traffic 2-3 Bloom filterIdentifies the Bloom filter index being used index 4-8 Reserved Reserved

As shown in Table 4, the SRF control field includes an SRF type bit, aninclusion bit, a Bloom filter index, and reserved bits. The SRF type bitindicates whether the address set (e.g., the address list 152) isrepresented by a sequence of partial MAC addresses or by a Bloom filter.The Bloom filter may be used to indicate a large set of MAC addresseswithout individually listing each partial MAC address. In a particularimplementation, the address set is represented by the partial list ofMAC addresses if the SRF type bit is 0, and the address set isrepresented by the Bloom filter if the SRF type bit is 1. In anotherimplementation, the address set is represented by the partial list ofMAC addresses if the SRF type bit is 1, and the address set isrepresented by the Bloom filter if the SRF type bit is 0. The inclusionbit may indicate whether the address set indicates an “include list” oran “exclude list.” An include list may indicate a list of electronicdevices that are recipients of the data 122, and an exclude list mayindicate a list of electronic devices that are not recipients of thedata 122 (e.g., each of the electronic devices 106-112 are recipients ofthe data 122 except the electronic devices indicated in the excludelist). In a particular implementation, the address set is the includelist if the inclusion bit is 1, and the address set is the exclude listif the inclusion bit is 0. If the address set is represented by theBloom filter, the Bloom filter index may identify a set of hashfunctions that corresponds to the Bloom filter (as shown in Table 2).

In this manner, the address set of the SRF in the service descriptorattribute of the SDF may identify the subset of electronic devices asrecipients of data from the first electronic device 104. The electronicdevices 106-112 may determine whether to change a channel of a receiverand a transmitter (or a transceiver) and whether to change an operatingmode based on the address set of the SRF. For example, the secondelectronic device 106 may receive and process the SDF via the dataannouncement logic 132. In response to determining that the address setof the SRF identifies the second electronic device 106 as a recipient ofthe data 122 (e.g., based on the partial list of MAC addresses or theBloom filter included in the SRF), the data announcement logic 132 maychange a channel of a receiver and a transmitter (or a transceiver) ofthe second electronic device 106 to the data link channel in order tosend the acknowledgement 124 and to receive the data 122. In response todetermining that the electronic devices 108-112 are not indicated asrecipients of the data 122 in the address set of the SRF, each of theelectronic devices 108-112 may maintain a channel of a receiver and atransmitter (or a transceiver) set to the NAN channel. The electronicdevices 108-112 may also transition to the low-power operating modeuntil a next paging window, when the electronic devices 108-112 maytransition to the active operating mode to monitor the NAN channel foradditional traffic announcement messages.

In some implementations, a SDF that is generated and transmitted by thefirst electronic device 104 may include a data link attribute. In aparticular implementation, where the data announcement 120 includes orcorresponds to the SDF, the data link attribute may be included in thesame SDF as the service descriptor attribute. In another implementationwhere the data announcement 120 includes or corresponds to the trafficannouncement message, the SDF may be generated and transmitted by thefirst electronic device 104 prior to the traffic announcement message.In both implementations, the SDF may be transmitted by the firstelectronic device 104 via the NAN channel during the discovery window,as further described with reference to FIG. 2. In other implementations,the data announcement 120 may include the one or more service attributes170 and the one or more NAN-DL attributes 180, as further described withreference to FIGS. 7-10.

The data link attribute may include multiple fields. A particularimplementation of the data link attribute is shown in Table 5. The datalink attribute shown in Table 5 is illustrative and is not limiting. Inother implementations, the data link attribute may include fewer fieldsor more fields than shown in Table 5 and/or the fields may be arrangedin a different order. An additional or alternate implementation,referred to as a NAN-DL attribute, is illustrated in FIG. 8. In otherimplementations, information corresponding to a data link or a NAN-DLmay be indicated in a different manner.

TABLE 5 Size Field (octets) Description Attribute ID 1 Vendor-specificattribute identifier Length 1 Length of data link attribute OUI 3Vendor-specific OUI Vendor 1 Identifies this attribute as a dataAttribute Type link attribute Data link Key 4 Data link key Data link 1Identifies the operating class and the Operating wireless channelcorresponding to the Class and data link channel Channel Data link 2Includes additional information Control corresponding to the data link(see Table 6) Data link ID Variable Data link ID

As shown in Table 5, the data link attribute may include an attributeidentifier (ID) field, a length field, an organizationally uniqueidentifier (OUI) field, a vendor attribute type field, a data link keyfield, a data link channel field, a data link control field, and a datalink ID field. In a particular implementation, the attribute ID fieldmay have a vendor specific attribute ID. The length field may be avariable length field indicating a length of the data link attribute. Ina particular implementation, the OUI field may have a vendor specificOUI value. In a particular implementation, the vendor attribute fieldmay indicate a data link (e.g., a mesh network) attribute. In aparticular implementation, the data link key field may distinguish twodata links with a common data link ID. For example, the data link keyfield may store a hash value of a current data link key. The data linkchannel field may identify the wireless channel corresponding to thedata link (e.g., the data link channel). In a particular implementation,the data link ID field may store a data link ID element, in accordancewith an IEEE 802.11 standard.

In some implementations, the data link attribute may indicate a logicalchannel corresponding to the data link. For example, one of theabove-described fields, or another field, of the data link attribute mayindicate the logical channel. As used herein, a logical channel refersto a data link channel and one or more time periods, such as one or moretransmission windows, during which the electronic devices of the datalink may communicate regarding the particular service via the data linkchannel. Information corresponding to logical channels may also bereferred to as scheduling information. In some implementations, the datalink attribute may indicate a logical channel selected by the firstelectronic device 104. In other implementations, the data link attributemay indicate a set of logical channels that are available for use by thefirst electronic device 104, and a receiving device may select one ofthe available logical channels for use in receiving the service.

One or more of the fields of the data link attribute may indicate thelogical channels. For example, data link attribute may include a list ofindices corresponding to the logical channels. The list of indices maybe based on mapping data that maps indices to logical channel(s) of aplurality of logical channels. The mapping data may be accessible to oneor more of the electronic devices 104-116. For example, the mapping datamay be stored at memories of the electronic devices 104-116. In someimplementations, the mapping data may be programmed into the electronicdevices 104-116 by a device manufacturer. In some implementations, themapping data may be in accordance with one or more industry standards,such as an IEEE 802.11 standard or a Wi-Fi Alliance standard, asnon-limiting examples. In a particular implementation, the data linkattribute includes an indicator that identifies a particular logicalchannel of the plurality of logical channels used by the firstelectronic device 104 to provide the particular service. In anotherimplementation, the data link attribute includes an indicator thatidentifies a particular set of logical channels of the plurality oflogical channels available to the first electronic device 104 forproviding the particular service.

In a particular implementation, the data link attribute may indicate thelogical channels without using a list of indices. For example, the datalink attribute may indicate a particular logical channel of theplurality of logical channels by including a channel numbercorresponding to the particular logical channel and by including one ormore offsets corresponding to one or more transmission windows of theparticular logical channel.

In other implementations, scheduling information (e.g., the indicationof logical channels) may be included in a further availability attribute(FAA). The FAA may be distinct from the data link attribute. The datalink attribute may include a field that indicates (or points to) theFAA. The FAA may be formed in accordance with one or more industrystandards, such as a Wi-Fi Alliance standard, as a non-limiting example.

The data link control field may indicate additional informationcorresponding to the data link. A particular implementation of the datalink control field is shown in Table 6. The data link control fieldshown in Table 6 is illustrative and is not limiting. In otherimplementations, the data link control field may include fewer fields ormore fields than shown in Table 6 and/or the fields may be arranged in adifferent order. Additionally, the fields may indicate information usingdifferent values than described in Table 6. An additional or alternateimplementation, referred to as a NAN-DL control field, is illustrated inFIG. 10.

TABLE 6 Bit(s) Information Description 0 Data link Indicated whetherdata link Tx window transmission repeats multiple times between (Tx)Repeat consecutive discovery windows 1-2 Type of Data Indicates a typeof the data Announcement announcement 120 3-4 DW Offset Indicates whenthe data link Tx window starts after a discovery window 5-6 Data link TxIndicates Tx window start time offsets Offset between consecutive datalink Tx windows 7-8 Data link Tx Indicates a size of the data link TxWindow Size window  9-10 Data link PW Indicates a size of the data linkpaging Size (if bits window 1-2 = 0)  9-10 NAN PW Indicates a number ofrepetitions of a Repetitions (if NAN paging window between twoconsecutive bits 1-2 = 1) discovery windows  9-10 Repeat RecipientIndicates a duration of time that data Assignments recipient assignmentsidentified in the Duration (if SRF are repeated bits 1-2 = 2) 11-12 Datalink Indicates a threshold “data link heartbeat” Heartbeat 13-15Reserved

As shown in Table 6, in a particular implementation, the data linkcontrol field may include sixteen bits. A value of bit 0 may indicatewhether a data link transmission window repeats between consecutivediscovery windows in the NAN 102. A value of bits 1-2 may indicate atime period corresponding to the data announcement 120 (e.g., when andhow data is advertised). In a particular implementation, the value maybe set as follows—0: the data announcement 120 is the trafficannouncement message transmitted during a data link channel pagingwindow; 1: the data announcement 120 is the traffic announcement messagetransmitted during a NAN channel paging window; 2: the data announcement120 is the SDF transmitted via the NAN channel during a discoverywindow, 3: reserved. A value of bits 3-4 may indicate a number of TUsbetween termination of a discovery window and a start of a data linktransmission window. In a particular implementation, a value may be setas follows—0: 0 TU; 1: 16 TU; 2: 32 TU; 3: 64TU. A value of bits 5-6 mayindicate a number of TUs between consecutive data link transmissionwindows. In a particular implementation, the value may be set asfollows—0: 0 TU; 1: 16 TU; 2: 32 TU; 3: 64TU. A value of bits 7-8 mayindicate a size of the data link transmission window. In a particularimplementation, the value may be set as follows—0: 64 TU; 1: 128 TU; 2:256 TU; 3: reserved.

A value of bits 9-10 may indicate timing information of datatransmissions corresponding to the data link. The timing informationindicated by the value of bits 9-10 may depend on the value of bits 1-2.In a particular implementation, if the value of bits 1-2 is 0, the valueof bits 9-10 may indicate a duration of a data link paging window. Inthis implementation, the value may be set as follows—0: 2 TU; 1: 5 TU;2: 8 TU; 3: 12 TU. In a particular implementation, if the value of bits1-2 is 1, the value of bits 9-10 may indicate a number of repetitions ofa NAN paging window between two consecutive discovery windows of the NAN102. In this implementation, the value may be set as follows—0: 32 TU;1: 64 TU; 2: 128 TU; 3: 256 TU. In a particular implementation, if thevalue of bits 1-2 is 2, the value of bits 9-10 may indicate a durationof time that data recipient assignments identified in the SRF arerepeated. During this time period, the provider (e.g., the firstelectronic device 104) of the service may not advertise the service tothe NAN 102 and may continue to send data via the data link channel torecipients identified in the SDF. In this implementation, the value maybe set as follows—0: 2 discovery windows; 1: 5 discovery windows; 2: 8discovery windows; 3: 15 discovery windows.

A value of bits 11-12 may indicate a “data link heartbeat.” The datalink heartbeat may correspond to a threshold time period (in second(s))that no message or data transmission occurs via the data link channeland the electronic devices 104-116 will consider the data link as valid.To further illustrate, the data link heartbeat may indicate a durationof time that a device of the data link is to remain associated with thedata link in the absence of receiving a message related to the datalink. In a particular implementation, the value may be set as follows—0:30 s; 1: 60 s; 2: 120 s; 3: 300 s. The electronic devices 104-116 mayset heartbeat counters based on the data link heartbeat. In someimplementations, a longer data link heartbeat may enable a longerduration of a low-power operating mode for the electronic devices104-116. For example, a longer data link heartbeat may enable theelectronic devices 104-116 to operate in the low-power operating modefor a longer time without exceeding the data link heartbeat. Such longerdata link heartbeats may be useful in particular applications, such assensor networks.

If no message is received by the electronic devices 104-116 via the datalink channel for a time period that exceeds the threshold time period(e.g., the data link heartbeat), the electronic devices 104-116 maydetermine that the data link no longer is valid and the electronicdevices 104-116 may disassociate from the data link. To illustrate, theelectronic devices 104-116 may cease monitoring the data link channelduring paging windows of the data link. Additionally or alternatively,after disassociating from the data link and during a paging window ofthe data link, the electronic devices 104-116 may enter the low-poweroperating mode, monitor a second data link channel of a second datalink, monitor a particular channel of the NAN 102, or may broadcast amessage via the particular channel, as illustrative, non-limitingexamples.

The data link control field may further include reserved bits. Thereserved bits may be bits 13-15 in a particular implementation. In analternate implementation, one or more of the reserved bits may bereplaced with a paging window repetition indicator. The paging windowrepetition indicator may indicate how many transmission windows (betweenconsecutive discovery windows) include paging windows, as furtherdescribed with reference to FIG. 10.

In a particular implementation, the data link may also have a “data linklifetime.” The data link lifetime may correspond to a threshold timethat indicates when the data link will expire or when a “major”transaction (e.g., a renegotiation of a data link schedule, merging oftwo or more NAN clusters, etc.) is to occur. In a particularimplementation, the data link lifetime may be indicated in the data linkattribute. Alternatively, one or more of the bits of the data linkcontrol field may be used to indicate the data link lifetime.

An initial value of the data link lifetime may be set by an electronicdevice that creates or provides the data link. For example, if the firstelectronic device 104 is a provider of the data link, the firstelectronic device 104 may initially set the value of the data linklifetime. The data link lifetime may be extended (e.g., the value of thedata link lifetime may be increased) by one or more electronic devicesof the data link. The electronic device that extends the data linklifetime may be the same electronic device that initially set the valueof the data link lifetime or a different electronic device. For example,in a one-to-many wireless device topology, the service provider devicemay extend the data link lifetime. As another example, in a one-to-onewireless device topology or a many-to-many wireless device topology, theservice provider device or a subscriber device may extend the data linklifetime. To further illustrate, the first electronic device 104 or oneof the other electronic devices 106-112 may extend the data linklifetime. When a counter reaches the second threshold time (e.g., whenthe data link lifetime expires), electronic devices of the data link mayjoin other data links or may negotiate other data link schedules.Because electronic devices within a NAN are synchronized and the datalink lifetime is indicated to electronic devices of the NAN, allelectronic devices of the NAN may determine an end of the data linklifetime at the same time. If a data link is no longer being used by theelectronic devices of the data link (e.g., if no electronic device hasdata to send), the data link lifetime may not be extended and each ofthe electronic devices of the data link may leave the data link when thedata link lifetime expires (e.g., when a counter reaches the secondthreshold time). However, if one or more electronic devices haveadditional data to send or receive from other electronic devices of thedata link, the one or more electronic devices may extend the data linklifetime.

In some implementations, transmission windows may be designated to carrymulticast traffic or non-multicast traffic, such as unicast traffic. Aperiodicity of transmission windows that are designated for multicasttraffic may be indicated by one or more messages or elements exchangedin the data link. For example, the periodicity may be indicated by afield in a data link attribute or a NAN data link (NDL) attribute. Asone illustrative example, if the field has a value of four, each fourthtransmission window may be designated for multicast traffic. In otherimplementations, the periodicity of transmission windows may beindicated or determined during negotiation of a data link schedule (alsoreferred to as a NDL schedule) between devices of the data link. Othertransmission windows may be designated for non-multicast traffic. Insome implementations, if the first electronic device 104 indicates thata particular transmission window is designated for multicast traffic,each of the electronic devices 106-112 may remain in the activeoperating mode during the data transmission portion of the particulartransmission window. In some implementations, there is no dataannouncement and/or no paging window during a transmission window thatis designated for multicast traffic. In these implementations, theelectronic devices 106-112 remain in the active operating mode based onthe indication that the transmission window is designated for multicasttraffic. In other implementations, the transmission window designatedfor multicast traffic includes a paging window, and the dataannouncement 120 is transmitted during the paging window. In someimplementations, if the data announcement 120 is received during apaging window of a transmission window that is designated for multicasttraffic, the data announcement 120 does not need to be acknowledged bythe electronic devices 106-112. In implementations where everytransmission window is designated for multicast traffic (e.g., puremulticast), the transmission windows do not include paging windows andeach of the electronic devices 104-112 remain in the active operatingmode during the transmission windows. A pure multicast application maybe indicated by the periodicity field in the data link attribute (or ina different attribute) having a value of one.

In some implementations, the electronic devices 104-112 may beconfigured to perform contention-mitigation techniques to reducecollisions during a paging window. To perform contention mitigation,each of the electronic devices 104-112 may include, store, and/ormaintain a first backoff counter (c_dw) and a second backoff counter(c_dwb). The backoff counters may be used to determine when, during apaging window, a service discovery frame (SDF) and/or a synchronizationbeacon are to be transmitted. To illustrate, at the beginning of adiscovery window the first electronic device 104 may set the firstbackoff counter (c_dw) to a value that is randomly drawn from a uniformdistribution over the interval [0, CW] where CW is a first contentionwindow parameter. In some implementations, CW has a particular value,such as a preprogrammed value or a value that is set by one or morestandards. In other implementations, CW is based on a length of thepaging window, as further described herein. Additionally, a timer is setto a value that is randomly drawn from a uniform distribution over theinterval [T_(pkt)(p), TEndDW], where T_(pkt)(p) is a time that a packetp is available for transmission, and TEndDW is an end of the discoverywindow. In this implementation, p is a SDF. The first backoff counterand the timer are configured to count down after being set at thebeginning of the discovery window.

If the first backoff counter (c_dw) reaches zero, the SDF (e.g., thedata announcement 120) is transmitted by the first electronic device104. If the timer reaches zero before the first backoff counter (c_dw)reaches zero, a random count value is drawn from a uniform distributionover the interval[0, CW_RS], where CW_RS is a second contention windowparameter. In a particular implementation, CW_RS has a set value of 15time units (TUs), as a non-limiting example. In other implementations,CW_RS may be a different value. In some implementations, CW_RS may bedefined in one or more standards. If the residual value of the firstbackoff counter (c_dw) is less than the random count value, c_dw is setto the random count value. The residual value of the first backoffcounter (c_dw) refers to a value of the first backoff counter (c_dw) atthe time when the timer reaches zero. If the residual value of the firstbackoff counter (c_dw) is equal to or exceeds the random count value,the residual value is maintained. After the first backoff counter (c_dw)reaches zero, the SDF may be transmitted by the first electronic device104.

The second backoff counter (c_dwb) may be set to a random value that isdrawn from a uniform distribution over the interval [0, CW_RS] if thefirst electronic device 104 is operating as an anchor master device inthe NAN 102. For example, if a hop count to the anchor master device iszero, such as when the first electronic device 104 is operating as theanchor master device, the random value is drawn from the uniformdistribution over the interval[0, CW_RS]. If the first electronic device104 is not operating as the anchor master device (e.g., if the hop countto the anchor master device is greater than zero), the second backoffcounter (c_dwb) is set to a random value that is drawn from a uniformdistribution over a particular interval. In some implementations, theparticular interval is [0, 31], as a non-limiting example. In otherimplementations, the particular interval is a different interval. Whenthe second backoff counter (c_dwb) reaches zero, a synchronizationbeacon may be transmitted by the first electronic device 104.

In some implementations, the value of CW may be based on a duration ofthe paging window. In these implementations, the paging window has afixed duration referred to as paging time. For example, the duration ofa paging window may be 10% of the duration of the transmission windowthat includes the paging window, and the duration of the transmissionwindow (and the duration of the paging window) may be indicated by oneor more elements of the data announcement 120. The value of CW may bebased on the duration of the paging window, a target collisionprobability for messages that are communicated during the paging window,and length of the messages. To illustrate, if a paging message (e.g.,the data announcement 120) is approximately 50 octets, if each pagingmessage is acknowledged, and if the paging message and theacknowledgement are sent at approximately 6 Mbps, approximately 178microseconds (μs) are used to exchange the paging message. If the targetcollision probability is 10%, then CW is approximately 10*number ofpaging devices, such that each device has approximately 90 μs ofcontention interval. To accommodate the paging message size and thetarget collision probability, a paging window is 268 μs (178+90)*anumber of paging devices. Stated another way, there are approximately3.7 devices per 1 millisecond (ms) of the paging window. Because thepaging window has a fixed duration paging time, the value of CW may beselected based on the equation CW=10*paging time/3.7. Thus, the firstelectronic device 104 may select a value of the first contention windowparameter (CW) based on the duration of the paging window, the size ofthe data announcement 120, and a target collision probability of pagingmessages during the paging window. In other implementations, CW may havea different value based on a different target collision probabilityand/or a different size of paging messages.

In some implementations, the first contention window parameter (CW) mayalso be used for transmitting data during the data transmission portionof the transmission window. In these implementations, the datatransmission portion of the transmission window has a fixed durationreferred to as T_(Data). For example, the duration of the data portionmay be 90% of the duration of the transmission window. The value of CWmay be based on the duration of the transmission window, a targetcollision probability for messages that are communicated during thetransmission window, and length of the messages. To illustrate, a dataunit (e.g., the data 122) may take approximately 620 μs to transmit. Ifthe target collision probability is 10%, then CW is approximately10*number of transmitting devices, such that each device hasapproximately 90 μs of contention interval. To accommodate the data unitsize and the target collision probability, a total time to satisfy Ndevices is 710 μs (620+90)*a number of transmitting devices. Statedanother way, given the duration T_(Data), a number of transmittingdevices is T_(Data)/710. The value of CW may be selected based on theequation CW=10*T_(Data)/710. Thus, the first electronic device 104 mayselect a value of the first contention window parameter (CW) based onthe duration of the transmission window, the size of the data 122, and atarget collision probability of messages during the transmission portionof the transmission window. In other implementations, CW may have adifferent value based on a different target collision probability and/ora different size of transmit messages.

After receiving the data announcement 120, the second electronic device106 may send the acknowledgement 124. In some implementation, theacknowledgement 124 may serve as or represent a power-save poll(PS-POLL) message. For example, in response to receiving the dataannouncement 120, the second electronic device 106 may generate, via theacknowledge logic 136, the acknowledgement 124 that serves as thePS-POLL message. The acknowledgement 124 may be generated in a similarmanner to generation of a PS-POLL message in a traditional access point(AP) based wireless network. However, in the system 100, theacknowledgement 124 message may include or correspond to a broadcastmessage that serves as the PS-POLL message, as compared to a unicastPS-POLL message in the traditional AP based wireless network. The secondelectronic device 106 may transmit acknowledgement 124 message via thedata link channel during an acknowledgement window that occurs prior toa data transmission portion of a transmission window, as furtherdescribed with reference to FIG. 2. In a particular implementation, ifthe acknowledgement 124 serves as the PS-POLL message, theacknowledgement 124 may be transmitted at a low data rate to increasereliability of the acknowledgement 124 being received the firstelectronic device 104. The first electronic device 104 may monitor thedata link channel during the acknowledgement window and may receive andprocess the acknowledgement 124 serving as the PS-POLL message via theacknowledge logic 134. In response to receiving the acknowledgement 124,the first electronic device 104 may transmit the data 122 to the secondelectronic device 106 via the data link channel during the datatransmission portion of the transmission window.

In some implementations, if the acknowledgement 124 serves as thePS-POLL message, each of the electronic devices may store a minimum waittime value and a maximum wait time value. For example, the minimum waittime may be the minimum wait time 2270 of FIG. 22, and the maximum waittime may be the maximum wait time 2272 of FIG. 22. In thisimplementation, the second electronic device 106 may initiate a timer(included in timing circuitry of the acknowledge logic 136) aftertransmitting the acknowledgement 124 and may monitor the data linkchannel. If the second electronic device 106 determines that the datalink channel is idle for a period of time that exceeds the minimum waittime value and that the first electronic device 104 has not transmittedthe data 122, the second electronic device 106 may transition to thelow-power operating mode during the data transmission portion of thetransmission window. If the second electronic device 106 determines thatthe data link channel is busy (e.g., other electronic devices aretransmitting data) for a period of time that exceeds the maximum waittime value and that the first electronic device 104 has not transmittedthe data 122, the second electronic device 106 may transition to thelow-power operating mode during the data transmission portion of thetransmission window. Changing the operation mode based on the timeperiod may enable the second electronic device 106 to reduce powerconsumption at times when the first electronic device 104 is unable tocontend for the data link channel to transmit the data 122.Additionally, if the second electronic device 106 receives at least oneframe of the data 122, and the at least one frame indicates additionaldata is to be transmitted, the second electronic device 106 may nottransition to the low-power operating mode during the data transmissionportion of the transmission window.

In another particular implementation, the acknowledgement 124 may be aquality of service null (QoS_NULL) frame. For example, in response toreceiving the data announcement 120, the second electronic device 106may generate, via the acknowledge logic 136, a QoS_NULL frame as theacknowledgement 124. In some implementations, the QoS_NULL frameindicates a reverse direction grant (RDG) from the second electronicdevice 106. For example, value(s) of one or more bits in the QoS_NULLframe may indicate the RDG. The RDG may be similar to a RDG in aphysical protocol data unit (PPDU), in accordance with one or morewireless standards or protocols, but may be included in the QoS_NULLframe instead of the PPDU. The RDG may authorize a recipient of theQoS_NULL frame to use a transmit opportunity (tx_op) of a sender of theQoS_NULL frame to transmit data during a tx_op of the sender. Forexample, the first electronic device 104 may generate a QoS_NULL framethat indicates a RDG and may transmit the QoS_NULL frame (as theacknowledgement 124) to the first electronic device 104 via the datalink channel. The QoS_NULL frame with the RDG may authorize the firstelectronic device 104 to send a frame of the data 122 to the secondelectronic device 106 during a tx_op of the second electronic device106. In other implementations, the QoS_NULL frame does not include theRDG.

The first electronic device 104 may receive and process the QoS_NULLframe via the acknowledge logic 134. In response to receiving theQoS_NULL frame, the first electronic device 104 may transmit a frame ofthe data 122 to the second electronic device 106 via the data linkchannel during the tx_op of the second electronic device 106. Thus, ifthe QoS NULL frame indicates a RDG, the first electronic device 104 maynot have to contend for the data link channel to transmit the frame ofthe data 122. If the data 122 is a single frame, an entirety of the data122 may be transmitted from the first electronic device 104 to thesecond electronic device 106 in response to the QoS_NULL frame. If thedata 122 includes more than one frame, the first electronic device 104may indicate, via one or more specific bits in a frame header of theframe of the data 122, that additional frames of the data 122 are to betransmitted. As one example, the first electronic device 104 mayindicate that additional frames of the data 122 are to be transmitted bysetting a more data (e.g., “MORE”) bit in the frame header to aparticular value such as a one value. As another example, the firstelectronic device 104 may indicate that additional frames of the data122 are to be transmitted by setting an end-of-service-period (EOSP) bitto a particular value, such as a one value.

In response to receiving the frame of the data 122 with an indicationthat additional frames of the data 122 are to be transmitted, the secondelectronic device 106 may contend for the data link channel and, uponsuccessful contention, the second electronic device 106 may transmitanother QoS_NULL frame to the first electronic device 104 to cause thefirst electronic device 104 to transmit another frame of the data 122.This process may be repeated until the first electronic device 104 hastransmitted an entirety of the data 122 or until a termination of thetransmission window. In some implementations, the second electronicdevice 106 may be indicated as a recipient of data from multiple otherelectronic devices. In these implementations, the second electronicdevice 106 may transmit a QoS_NULL frame to the multiple electronicdevices and may receive data responsive to the QoS_NULL frames from eachof the multiple electronic devices. If the second electronic device 106has received a data frame in response to each QoS_NULL frame, and if thedata frame does not indicate that more data is to be transmitted, thesecond electronic device 106 may transition to the low-power operatingmode for a remainder of the transmission window. If at least one dataframe indicates that more data is to be transmitted to the secondelectronic device 106, the second electronic device 106 may remain inthe active operating mode and may continue to transmit QoS_NULL frames.

In another particular implementation, the second electronic device 106may not transmit the acknowledgement 124 after receiving the dataannouncement 120. In this implementation, after transmitting the dataannouncement 120, the first electronic device 104 may generate, via theacknowledge logic 134, a NULL frame 126. For example, the NULL frame 126may include a preamble or a header without a payload portion. In aparticular implementation, the NULL frame 126 may be a QoS_NULL frame,which may have a higher priority than other null frames. The firstelectronic device 104 may transmit the NULL frame 126 to the secondelectronic device 106 via the data link channel to provoke theacknowledgement. In a particular implementation, the NULL frame 126 maybe transmitted during an acknowledgement window that occurs prior to adata transmission portion of a transmission window, as further describedwith reference to FIG. 2.

The second electronic device 106 may receive and process the NULL framevia the acknowledge logic 136. In response to receiving the NULL frame126 from the first electronic device 104, the second electronic device106 may contend for the data link channel and, upon successfulcontention, may transmit the acknowledgement 124 to the first electronicdevice 104 via the data link channel. In a particular implementation,the acknowledgement 124 may be an acknowledgement (ACK) frame. The firstelectronic device 104 may receive and process the acknowledgement 124,via the acknowledge logic 134. In response to receiving theacknowledgement 124, the first electronic device 104 may contend for thedata link channel and, upon successful contention, transmit the data 122to the second electronic device 106 via the data link channel during thedata transmission portion of the transmission window.

In another particular implementation, if the data announcement 120(e.g., the traffic announcement message or the SRF) includes the Bloomfilter, the acknowledgement 124 may be generated in response todetermining that the second electronic device 106 is identified as arecipient of the data 122 instead of in response to receiving the dataannouncement 120. For example, in response to determining that thesecond electronic device 106 is identified as a recipient of the data122 in the data announcement 120 based on the Bloom filter, the secondelectronic device 106 may generate, via the acknowledge logic 136, theacknowledgement 124. In this implementation, the acknowledgement 124 maybe a PS-POLL message or may be a QoS_NULL frame, as described above. Thesecond electronic device 106 may remain in the active operating modeafter sending the acknowledgement 124 in order to receive the data 122during the data transmission portion of the transmission window.

To reduce a likelihood that an electronic device may be in the activemode due to a false positive match based on the Bloom filter, the firstelectronic device 104 may be configured to respond to receivedacknowledgements. For example, the first electronic device 104 mayreceive the acknowledgement 124 from the second electronic device 106and may receive an acknowledgement 144 from the fifth electronic device112. The first electronic device 104 may determine whether theacknowledgements 124 and 144 are received from electronic devices thatare to receive the data 122 or whether the acknowledgements 124 and 144are erroneously transmitted based on false positive matches. Toillustrate, the second electronic device 106 may correctly identifyitself as a recipient of the data 122 and may transmit theacknowledgement 124 to the first electronic device 104, and the fifthelectronic device 112 may erroneously identify itself as a recipient ofthe data 122 (e.g., based on a false positive match) and may transmitthe acknowledgement 144 to the first electronic device 104. The firstelectronic device 104 may compare the second electronic device 106 andthe fifth electronic device 112 to a list of the recipients of the data122 to determine a respective response to the acknowledgements 124 and144. For example, based on determining that the second electronic device106 is to receive the data 122, the first electronic device 104 may sendthe data 122 to the second electronic device 106, as described above.

Based on determining that the fifth electronic device 112 is not toreceive the data 122, the first electronic device 104 may transmit anegative-acknowledgement (NACK) 154 to the fifth electronic device 112.The fifth electronic device 112 may transition into the low-poweroperating mode in response to receiving the NACK 154 to reduce powerconsumption during a data transmission portion of a transmission windowthat no data will be received. Additionally or alternatively, if thefifth electronic device 112 determines that a time period after theacknowledgement 144 is transmitted exceeds a threshold time period, andthat no data has been received from the first electronic device 104during the time period, the fifth electronic device 112 may transitioninto the low-power operating mode during a remainder of the datatransmission portion the transmission window to reduce powerconsumption.

One advantage provided by the system 100 is a reduction in powerconsumption at one or more of the electronic devices 104-116 of the NAN102. For example, the electronic devices 108-112 may transition to thelow-power operating mode during a transmission window based ondetermining that the data announcement 120 does not identify theelectronic devices 108-112 as recipients of the data 122. Thus, theelectronic devices 108-112 may conserve power while the first electronicdevice 104 and the second electronic device 106 exchange the data 122,as compared to other wireless mesh networks where each electronic devicecontinuously monitors a corresponding wireless channel for datatransmissions (e.g., a system without a defined paging window or a SDFthat indicates recipients of data). Additionally, because the secondelectronic device 106 transmits the acknowledgement 124 to the firstelectronic device 104, the first electronic device 104 may avoid wastingprocessing resources and consuming power to transmit the data 122 whenthe second electronic device 106 is unable to receive the data 122.Preventing transmissions of the data 122 when the second electronicdevice 106 is unable to receive the data 122 may reduce repeatedtransmissions, thereby reducing an amount of transmissions or congestionon the data link channel.

Referring to FIG. 2, operation at the system 100 of FIG. 1 is shown andgenerally designated 200. In FIG. 2, operations performed by one or moreof the electronic devices 104-116 of FIG. 1 via a NAN channel 202 and adata link channel 204 are illustrated with reference to an overalltimeline 206. In FIG. 2, multiple implementations described in FIG. 1are overlaid together to illustrate timing of operations (e.g., timingrelated to discovery windows, paging windows, and transmission windows)among the various implementations. Timing information related to theparticular implementations of data announcement messages and dataannouncement time periods are illustrated in FIGS. 3-5. The timing andoperations shown in FIG. 2 are for illustration and are not limiting. Inother implementations, additional or fewer operations may be performedand the timing may be different. In some implementations, as illustratedin FIGS. 2-5, the data link channel 204 and the NAN channel 202 may bedifferent wireless channels. In alternate implementations, the data linkchannel 204 and the NAN channel 202 may be the same wireless channel.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, a first discovery window 210 and a seconddiscovery window 212 may correspond to the NAN channel 202. As describedwith reference to FIG. 1, the discovery windows 210, 212 may be timeperiods reserved for the electronic devices 104-116 to perform discoveryoperations and synchronization operations corresponding to the NAN 102.A first discovery window 210 may begin at time t1 and may end at timet2, and a second discovery window 212 may begin at time t11 and end attime t12. The discovery windows 210, 212 may have a same discoverywindow duration (e.g., a period of time between time t1 and time t2 maybe the same as a period of time between time t11 and time t12). Thediscovery window duration may be determined in accordance with a NANstandard or protocol. A time period between consecutive discoverywindows, such as the first discovery window 210 and the second discoverywindow 212, may be referred to as a discovery period 248. In aparticular implementation, a duration of the discovery period 248 may be500 time units (TU) in accordance with a NAN standard or protocol. Forexample, each TU may correspond to 1024 microseconds (μs), as describedin an IEEE 802.11-2012 specification, and 500 TUs may be approximately512 ms.

During the first discovery window 210, a service discovery frame (SDF)250 may be transmitted via the NAN channel 202. For example, the firstelectronic device 104 may transmit the SDF 250 via the NAN channel 202to advertise a service being provided by the first electronic device 104to the data link. In some implementations, the SDF 250 may include aservice descriptor attribute and a data link attribute, as describedwith reference to FIG. 1. The service descriptor attribute may includeone or more frames that indicate information corresponding to theservice, such as the one or more service attributes 170, and the datalink attribute may include one or more frames that indicate informationcorresponding to the data link. In other implementations, the SDF 250may include the one or more service attributes 170 and the one or moreNAN-DL attributes 180, as described further herein with reference toFIGS. 7-10. In some implementations, the SDF 250 may correspond to thedata announcement 120, as further described with reference to FIG. 5. Inother implementations, the SDF 250 may be distinct from the dataannouncement 120, as described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

In some implementations, one or more paging windows may occur during thediscovery period 248. In a particular implementation, if the dataannouncement 120 is a traffic announcement message that is transmittedvia the NAN channel 202, a first NAN paging window 220 and a second NANpaging window 222 may occur during the discovery period. A first trafficannouncement message 252 and a second traffic announcement message 254may be transmitted during the NAN paging windows 220, 222, respectively,by the first electronic device 104 via the NAN channel 202, as furtherdescribed with reference to FIG. 4. In another particularimplementation, if the data announcement 120 is a traffic announcementmessage that is transmitted via the data link channel 204, a firstpaging window 224 and a second paging window 226 may occur during thediscovery period. The first paging window 224 and the second pagingwindow 226 may correspond to the data link, and other data links mayhave other corresponding paging windows. A third traffic announcementmessage 256 and a fourth traffic announcement message 258 may betransmitted during the data link paging windows 224, 226, respectivelyby the first electronic device 104 via the data link channel 204, asfurther described with reference to FIG. 3.

In each of the above-described implementations, one or more transmissionwindows may occur during the discovery period 248. For example, a firsttransmission window 240 and a second transmission window 242 may occurduring the discovery period 248. As described with reference to FIG. 1,the transmission windows 240, 242 may be periods of time that arereserved for exchanging data transmissions between the electronicdevices 104-116 via the data link channel. As illustrated in FIG. 3, thefirst transmission window 240 may occur from time t3 to time t6, and thesecond transmission window 242 may occur from time t7 to time t10. Thefirst transmission window 240 may begin one discovery window offset 244(e.g., from time t2 to time t3) after termination of the first discoverywindow 210. The discovery window offset 244 may be indicated by a datalink control field of the data link attribute of the SDF 250, asdescribed with reference to FIG. 1, or by the one or more NAN-DLattributes 180, as further described with reference to FIG. 10. Thesecond transmission window 242 may begin one transmission window offset246 (e.g., from time t6 to time t7) after termination of the firsttransmission window 240. The transmission window offset 246 may beindicated by the data link control field, as described with reference toFIG. 1, or by the one or more NAN-DL attributes 180, as furtherdescribed with reference to FIG. 10. Although each of the transmissionwindows 240 and 242 is illustrated as including a corresponding pagingwindow (e.g., the NAN paging windows 220 and 222 or the data link pagingwindows 224 and 226), in other implementations, one or more transmissionwindows may not include corresponding paging windows.

The first transmission window 240 may include a first data transmissionportion 234 and the second transmission window 242 may include a seconddata transmission portion 236. In some implementations, the first datatransmission portion 234 may occur from time t5 to time t6 and thesecond data transmission portion 236 may occur from time t9 to t10. Datacorresponding to services, such as the data 122 in FIG. 1, may beexchanged between the electronic devices 104-116 during the datatransmission portions 234, 236. In some implementations, thetransmission windows 240, 242 may include the data link paging windows224, 226, respectively, as further described with reference to FIG. 3.In some implementations, the transmission windows 240, 242 may include(or may start subsequent to termination of) the NAN paging windows 220,222, respectively, as further described with reference to FIG. 4. Insome implementations, the transmission windows 240, 242 may not includepaging windows and may begin at times t3, t7, respectively, as furtherdescribed with reference to FIG. 5. In some implementations, thetransmission windows 240, 242 may include a first acknowledgement window230 that occurs from time t4 to time t5 and a second acknowledgementwindow 232 that occurs from time t8 to time t9. The acknowledgementwindows 230, 232 may represent time periods reserved for performing oneor more acknowledgement operations. For example, in someimplementations, acknowledgements such as the acknowledgement 124 ofFIG. 1 may be generated and transmitted via the data link channel 204during the acknowledgement windows 230, 232.

The timing illustrated in FIG. 2 provides may reduce power consumptionat some of the electronic devices 104-116 of FIG. 1. For example, asubset of the electronic devices 106-116 may receive the dataannouncement 120, either as the SDF 250 during the first discoverywindow 210 or as one of the traffic announcement messages 252, 254, 256,258 during the NAN paging windows 220, 222 or the data link pagingwindows 224, 226, respectively. Based on the data announcement 120, oneor more of the electronic devices may determine that no traffic isindicated for transmission during the transmission windows 240, 242, andthe one or more electronic devices may transition to the low-poweroperating mode during at least a portion of the transmission windows240, 242, which may reduce power consumption at the at least oneelectronic device as compared to remaining in the active operating modeduring an entirety of the transmission windows 240, 242.

Referring to FIG. 3, operation at the system 100 of FIG. 1 in animplementation where data announcements are traffic announcementmessages that are transmitted via the data link channel 204 is shown andgenerally designated 300. The timing illustrated in FIG. 3 maycorrespond to a multi-hop data link (e.g., the data link includes theelectronic devices 104-116), as described with reference to FIG. 1. Theoperations illustrated in FIG. 3 are not limiting. In otherimplementations, operations may be performed by different electronicdevices of the electronic devices 104-116 and may occur more or less andat different times than illustrated in FIG. 3.

During the first discovery window 210, the first electronic device 104may transmit the SDF 250 via the NAN channel 202. The SDF 250 mayinclude a data link attribute that indicates information correspondingto the data link, such as timing of data link paging windows and anindication of the data link channel 204, as described with reference toFIG. 1. The first electronic device 104 may transmit the third trafficannouncement message 256 (corresponding to the data announcement 120)via the data link channel 204 during the first paging window 224. Duringthe first paging window 224, each of the electronic devices 106-116 maymonitor the data link channel 204 and the electronic devices 106-112(e.g., the electronic devices within a single-hop range of the firstelectronic device 104) may receive the third traffic announcementmessage 256. If the third traffic announcement message 256 identifiesdata to be transmitted to one of the electronic devices 114, 116, one ormore electronic devices within a one-hop range of the electronic devices114, 116, may generate and transmit a traffic announcement message tothe electronic devices 114, 116, during a later paging window. If theelectronic devices 114 and 116 do not receive a traffic announcementmessage during a data link paging window, the electronic devices 114 and116 may transition to the low-power operating mode during acorresponding transmission window.

In a particular implementation, the third traffic announcement message256 may identify the second electronic device 106 as the recipient ofthe data 122, as described with reference to FIG. 1. In otherimplementations, other electronic devices may be identified asrecipients. Based on determining that the electronic devices 108-112 arenot identified as recipients of the data 122, the electronic devices108-112 may transition to the low-power operating mode during aremainder of the first transmission window 240 (e.g., the firstacknowledgement window 230 and the first data transmission portion 234).Based on determining that the second electronic device 106 is identifiedas the recipient of the data 122, the second electronic device 106 mayremain in the active operating mode and may monitor the data linkchannel 204 during the remainder of the first transmission window 240.In some implementations, the first transmission window 240 may includethe first acknowledgement window 230, and the second electronic device106 may transmit the acknowledgement 124 via the data link channel 204during the first acknowledgement window 230. In other implementations,the first transmission window 240 may not include the firstacknowledgement window 230, and the second electronic device 106 maytransmit the acknowledgement 124 via the data link channel 204 duringthe first data transmission portion 234. The first electronic device104, in response to receiving the acknowledgement 124, may send the data122 to the second electronic device 106 via the data link channel 204during the first data transmission portion 234.

Each of the electronic devices 104-112 that is operating in thelow-power mode may transition to the active operating mode during thesecond paging window 226. During the second paging window 226, the firstelectronic device 104 may transmit the fourth traffic announcementmessage 258 via the data link channel 204. The electronic devices106-112 may monitor the data link channel 204 and may receive the fourthtraffic announcement message 258 via the data link channel 204 duringthe second paging window 226. In a particular implementation, the fourthtraffic announcement message 258 may identify the third electronicdevice 108 and the fifth electronic device 112 as recipients ofadditional data. Based on determining that the electronic devices 106and 110 are not identified as recipients of the data 122, the electronicdevices 106 and 110 may transition to the low-power operating modeduring a remainder of the second transmission window 242 (e.g., thesecond acknowledgement window 232 and the second data transmissionportion 236). Based on determining that the electronic devices 108 and112 are identified as the recipients of the additional data, theelectronic devices 108 and 112 may remain in the active operating modeand may perform acknowledgement operations and may receive theadditional data via the data link channel 204 in a similar manner to thesecond electronic device 106 during the first transmission window 240.

Although each of the transmission windows 240 and 242 is illustrated asincluding a corresponding paging window, in other implementations, oneor more transmission windows may not include corresponding pagingwindows, as described further with reference to FIG. 10. For example,the first transmission window 240 may include the first paging window224 and the second transmission window 242 may not include a pagingwindow. In this example, the electronic devices may operate in the sameoperating mode during a transmission window that includes a pagingwindow and during a subsequent transmission window that does not includea paging window. The electronic devices may remain in the same operatingmode because a pattern of data transmissions (e.g., a traffic session)may be the same during subsequent transmission windows that do notinclude paging windows. To illustrate, if the second electronic device106 is identified as a recipient of the data 122 by the third trafficannouncement message 256 transmitted during the first paging window 224,the second electronic device 106 may remain in the active operating modeduring the first transmission window 240, and the electronic devices108-112 may transition into the low-power operating mode during thefirst transmission window 240. The second electronic device 106 mayremain in the active operating mode during the second transmissionwindow 242 to receive additional data by participating in anothertraffic session, and the electronic devices 108-112 may remain in thelow-power operating mode during the second transmission window 242.

The operation of the system 100 illustrated in FIG. 3 allow one or moreelectronic devices of a multi-hop data link to reduce power consumptionby changing an operating mode to a low-power operating mode based on atraffic announcement message transmitted via the data link channel 204.

Referring to FIG. 4, operation at the system 100 of FIG. 1 in animplementation where data announcements are traffic announcementmessages that are transmitted via the NAN channel 202 is shown andgenerally designated 400. The timing illustrated in FIG. 4 maycorrespond to a single-hop data link (e.g., the data link includes theelectronic devices 104-112), as described with reference to FIG. 1. Theoperations illustrated in FIG. 4 are not limiting. In otherimplementations, operations may be performed by different electronicdevices of the electronic devices 104-112 and may occur more or less andat different times than illustrated in FIG. 4.

During the first discovery window 210, the first electronic device 104may transmit the SDF 250 via the NAN channel 202. The SDF 250 mayinclude a data link attribute that indicates information correspondingto the data link, such as timing of data link paging windows and anindication of the data link channel 204, as described with reference toFIG. 1. The first electronic device 104 may transmit the first trafficannouncement message 252 (corresponding to the data announcement 120)via the NAN channel 202 during the first NAN paging window 220. Duringthe first NAN paging window 220, each of the electronic devices 106-112may monitor the NAN channel 202 and may receive the first trafficannouncement message 252.

In a particular implementation, the first traffic announcement message252 may identify the second electronic device 106 as the recipient ofthe data 122, as described with reference to FIG. 1. In otherimplementations, other electronic devices may be identified asrecipients. Based on determining that the electronic devices 108-112 arenot identified as recipients of the data 122, the electronic devices108-112 may transition to the low-power operating mode during aremainder of the first transmission window 240 (e.g., the firstacknowledgement window 230 and the first data transmission portion 234).Additionally, the electronic devices 108-112 may not change aconfiguration of a transmitter and a receiver (or a transceiver). Forexample, the transmitter and the receiver may continue transmitting andreceiving data via the NAN channel 202. Based on determining that thesecond electronic device 106 is identified as the recipient of the data122, the second electronic device 106 may remain in the active operatingmode, may configure a transmitter and a receiver (or a transceiver) totransmit and receive data via the data link channel 204, and may monitorthe data link channel 204 during the remainder of the first transmissionwindow 240. In some implementations, the first transmission window 240may include the first acknowledgement window 230, and the secondelectronic device 106 may transmit the acknowledgement 124 via the datalink channel 204 during the first acknowledgement window 230. In otherimplementations, the first transmission window 240 may not include thefirst acknowledgement window 230, and the second electronic device 106may transmit the acknowledgement 124 via the data link channel 204during the first data transmission portion 234. The first electronicdevice 104, in response to receiving the acknowledgement 124, maytransmit the data 122 to the second electronic device 106 via the datalink channel 204 during the first data transmission portion 234.

Each of the electronic devices 104-112 that is operating in thelow-power operating mode may transition to the active operating modeduring the second NAN paging window 222. During the second NAN pagingwindow 222, the first electronic device 104 may transmit the fourthtraffic announcement message 258 via the NAN channel 202. The electronicdevices 106-112 may monitor the NAN channel 202 and may receive thesecond traffic announcement message 254 via the NAN channel 202 duringthe second NAN paging window 222. In a particular implementation, thesecond traffic announcement message 254 may identify the thirdelectronic device 108 and the fifth electronic device 112 as recipientsof additional data. Based on determining that the electronic devices 106and 110 are not identified as recipients of the data 122, the electronicdevices 106 and 110 may transition to the low-power operating modeduring a remainder of the second transmission window 242 (e.g., thesecond acknowledgement window 232 and the second data transmissionportion 236). Additionally, the electronic devices 106 and 110 mayconfigure a transmitter and a receiver (or a transceiver) to continuetransmitting and receiving data via the NAN channel 202. Based ondetermining that the electronic devices 108 and 112 are identified asthe recipients of the additional data, the electronic devices 108 and112 may remain in the active operating mode, may configure a transmitterand a receiver (or a transceiver) to transmit and receive data via thedata link channel 204, and may perform acknowledgement operations andmay receive the additional data via the data link channel 204 in asimilar manner to the second electronic device 106 during the firsttransmission window 240.

The operation of the system 100 illustrated in FIG. 4 may allow one ormore electronic devices of a single-hop data link to reduce powerconsumption by preventing the one or more electronic devices fromchanging a configuration of a transmitter and a receiver (or atransceiver) from the NAN channel 202 to the data link channel 204 basedthe traffic announcement messages 252, 254.

Referring to FIG. 5, operation at the system 100 of FIG. 1 in animplementation where the data announcement corresponds to the SDF 250that is transmitted via the NAN channel 202 is shown and generallydesignated 500. The timing illustrated in FIG. 5 may correspond to asingle-hop data link (e.g., the data link includes the electronicdevices 104-112), as described with reference to FIG. 1. The operationsillustrated in FIG. 5 are not limiting. In other implementations,operations may be performed by different electronic devices of theelectronic devices 104-112 and may occur more or less and at differenttimes than illustrated in FIG. 5.

During the first discovery window 210, the first electronic device 104may transmit the SDF 250 via the NAN channel 202. The SDF 250 mayinclude a data link attribute that indicates information correspondingto the data link, such as timing of data link paging windows and anindication of the data link channel 204, as described with reference toFIG. 1. The SDF 250 may also include a service descriptor attribute(e.g., one or more fields) that includes a service response filter (SRF)field that indicates a subset of the electronic devices that are toreceive data. In this manner, the SDF 250 may correspond to the dataannouncement 120 of FIG. 1. The data link attribute of the SDF 250 mayidentify the SRF field of the SDF 250 as a data announcement. Inaccordance with a NAN standard or protocol, each of the electronicdevices 106-112 may monitor the NAN channel 202 during the firstdiscovery window 210 and may receive the SDF 250.

In a particular implementation, the SDF 250 may identify the secondelectronic device 106 as the recipient of the data 122, as describedwith reference to FIG. 1. In other implementations, other electronicdevices may be identified as recipients. Based on determining that theelectronic devices 108-112 are not identified as recipients of the data122, the electronic devices 108-112 may transition to the low-poweroperating mode during a remainder of the first transmission window 240(e.g., the first acknowledgement window 230 and the first datatransmission portion 234). Additionally, the electronic devices 108-112may not change a configuration of a transmitter and a receiver (or atransceiver). For example, the transmitter and the receiver may continuetransmitting and receiving data via the NAN channel 202. Based ondetermining that the second electronic device 106 is identified as therecipient of the data 122, the second electronic device 106 may remainin the active operating mode, may configure a transmitter and a receiver(or a transceiver) to transmit and receive data via the data linkchannel 204, and may monitor the data link channel 204 during theremainder of the first transmission window 240. In some implementations,the first transmission window 240 may include the first acknowledgementwindow 230, and the second electronic device 106 may transmit theacknowledgement 124 via the data link channel 204 during the firstacknowledgement window 230. In other implementations, the firsttransmission window 240 may not include the first acknowledgement window230, and the second electronic device 106 may transmit theacknowledgement 124 via the data link channel 204 during the first datatransmission portion 234. The first electronic device 104, in responseto receiving the acknowledgement 124, may transmit the data 122 to thesecond electronic device 106 via the data link channel 204 during thefirst data transmission portion 234. Because the SDF 250 applies to eachtransmission window in the discovery period 248, during the secondtransmission window 242, the electronic devices 104-112 may operate inthe same operating modes and may perform the same functions as duringthe first transmission window 240.

The operation of the system 100 illustrated in FIG. 5 may allow one ormore electronic devices of a single-hop data link to reduce powerconsumption by preventing the one or more electronic devices fromchanging a configuration of a transmitter and a receiver (or atransceiver) from the NAN channel 202 to the data link channel 204 basedthe SDF 250. Additionally, the implementation of FIG. 5 may furtherreduce power consumption of the one or more electronic devices ascompared to the implementations of FIGS. 3 and 4, because the one ormore electronic devices may not have to operate in the active operatingmode during paging windows.

Referring to FIG. 6, a particular implementation of a system is shownand generally designated 600. In a particular implementation, the system600 may include one or more of the electronic devices 104-116 of FIG. 1.

The system 600 may include a NAN cluster 602. Devices 612 mayparticipate in the NAN cluster 602. Clocks of the devices 612 may besynchronized to enable the devices 612 to wake up (e.g., switch to anactive operating mode) periodically during discovery windows of the NANcluster 602. For example, the clocks may include or correspond to thetiming and/or counting circuitry 2274, 2276, of FIG. 22. Each electronicdevice of the devices 612 may monitor a same NAN channel during thediscovery windows. In a particular implementation, the NAN cluster 602may be identified by a NAN cluster identifier (ID). The NAN cluster IDmay be included in each NAN message, such as in a discovery message. Anelectronic device that initiates formation of the NAN cluster 602 mayselect the corresponding NAN cluster ID.

A subset of the devices 612 may transmit synchronization beacons via theNAN channel corresponding to the NAN cluster 602. Discovery messages andsynchronization beacons may be transmitted by one or more of the devices612 during the discovery windows over the NAN channel.

A subset of the devices 612 may transmit discovery beacons over the NANchannel corresponding to the NAN cluster 602. A discovery beacon may beused by an electronic device to discover the NAN cluster 602 to enablethe electronic device to join the NAN cluster 602, in accordance with aNAN standard or protocol.

In a particular implementation, the NAN cluster 602 may have a treestructure anchored at a particular electronic device of the devices 612called an anchor master. A timing (or time information) of the anchormaster may be propagated to all devices 612 of the NAN cluster 602 viaNAN synchronization (sync) devices and NAN master devices. The NAN syncdevices and the NAN master devices may provide time synchronizationwithin the NAN cluster 602.

There may be one or more data link networks (e.g., a data link network604, a data link network 606, a data link network 608, and a data linknetwork 610) corresponding to the NAN cluster 602. Data links within theNAN cluster 602 may also be referred to as NAN data links (NAN-DLs). Asdescribed with reference to FIG. 1, the data links may be single-hopdata links or multi-hop data links. In a particular implementation, thedata link networks (e.g., the data link networks 604-610) or the NAN-DLsmay correspond to distinct applications, distinct types of electronicdevices, distinct operating systems, or a combination thereof. In aparticular implementation, the data link of FIG. 1 and/or the data linkchannel 204 of FIGS. 2-5 may correspond to the data link network 604,the data link network 606, the data link network 608, or the data linknetwork 610.

In a particular implementation, the data link network 604 may include afirst subset of the devices 612, the data link network 606 may include asecond subset of the devices 612, the data link network 608 may includea third subset of the devices 612, and the data link network 610 mayinclude a fourth subset of the devices 612. In a particularimplementation, the first subset may overlap the second subset, mayoverlap the third subset, may overlap the fourth subset, or acombination thereof. For example, a particular electronic device of thedevices 612 may join multiple data link networks (e.g., the data linknetworks 604, 606, 608, and/or 610) or multiple NAN-DLs. To illustrate,the particular electronic device may be a provider electronic device ofa first service in a particular data link network (e.g., the data linknetwork 604) or a particular NAN-DL, may be a “consumer” electronicdevice of the first service, a second service, and/or a third service inanother data link network (e.g., the data link networks 606, 608, and/or610) or another NAN-DL, or a combination thereof. A consumer devicerefers to an electronic device that receives or accesses a serviceprovided by another electronic device.

In a particular implementation, a particular data link network or NAN-DLmay correspond to a single application or service. In an alternativeimplementation, a particular data link network or NAN-DL may correspondto multiple applications or services. For example, each of the data linknetworks 604, 606, 608, and 610 may correspond to one or moreapplications 614, 616, 618, and 620, respectively. In a particularimplementation, the data link network 604 may correspond to twoapplications 614, the data link network 606 may correspond to threeapplications 616, the data link network 608 may correspond to oneapplication 618, and the data link network 610 may correspond to oneapplication 620, as illustrated in FIG. 6. A particular service maycorrespond to each of the one or more applications 614, 616, 618, and620. For example, the service provided by the first electronic device104 may correspond to one of the two applications 614 if the data linkcorresponds to the data link network 604. In other implementations,multiple data link networks or multiple NAN-DLs may correspond todifferent instances of a single application or service. For example, agaming service may have a chess instance and a checkers instance, andeach instance may correspond to a different data link network or NAN-DL.

In a particular implementation, at least the first electronic device 104and the second electronic device 106 of FIG. 1 may be included in thedevices 612, and may participate in the data link network 604. In otherimplementations, the first electronic device 104 and the secondelectronic device 106 may participate in the data link networks 606,608, and/or 610. If the first electronic device 104 offers a service(e.g., a service corresponding to one or more of the applications 614)and has data to transmit to another electronic device, the firstelectronic device 104 may transmit the data announcement 120 of FIG. 1to a subset of the devices 612 (including the second electronic device106) corresponding to the data link network 604. In a particularimplementation, the data announcement 120 may be a traffic announcementmessages that is transmitted over a data link channel (e.g., the datalink channel 204) corresponding to the data link network 604. In anotherimplementation, the data announcement 120 may be a traffic announcementmessage that is transmitted over the NAN channel corresponding to theNAN cluster 602. In yet another implementation, the data announcement120 may be a SDF that is transmitted over the NAN channel correspondingto the NAN cluster 602. The data announcement 120 may indicate one ormore of the devices 612 (e.g., the second electronic device 106) asrecipients of data. In response to receiving the data announcement 120,the second electronic device 106 may transmit the acknowledgement 124 tothe first electronic device 104 and may receive the data 122 from thefirst electronic device 104 over the data link channel corresponding tothe data link network 604.

The system 600 may enable a provider electronic device to provide datacorresponding to a particular application to other electronic devices ina same data link network. When the provider electronic device has datato provide to the other electronic devices in the same data linknetwork, the provider device may transmit a data announcement message(e.g., the data announcement 120 of FIG. 1) to the other electronicdevices. One or more electronic devices in the data link network thatreceive the data announcement message and are not identified asrecipients of data in the data announcement message may transition intothe low-power operating mode or may perform activities via othernetworks, thereby reducing power consumption or providing additionalservices at one or more electronic devices in the data link network.

Referring to FIG. 7, a diagram 700 of an example of a serviceadvertisement 710 is shown. In a particular implementation, the serviceadvertisement 710 may include or correspond to the data announcement120. For example, if the data announcement 120 is the SDF, the serviceadvertisement 710 may correspond to the SDF. In other implementations,the service advertisement 710 may include or correspond to a beaconmessage. The service advertisement 710 may include header fields, suchas a duration field, address fields A1, A2, and A3, a sequence control(seq. ctl.) field, a time stamp field, a beacon interval field, acapability field, a frame check sequence (FCS) field, or a combinationthereof. In a particular implementation, the A3 field may indicate a NANcluster ID.

The service advertisement 710 may further include a NAN informationelement 720 or a NAN public action frame 730. For example, the NANinformation element 720 may correspond to a beacon message, and the NANpublic action frame 730 may correspond to a NAN service discovery frame.The NAN information element 720 may include an element ID field, alength field, an organizationally unique identifier (OUI) field, an OUItype field, or a combination thereof. The NAN public action frame 730may include a category field, an action field, an OUI field, an OUI typefield, or a combination thereof. Both the NAN information element 720and the NAN public action frame 730 may include one or more NANattributes 722.

In the illustrated example, the one or more NAN attributes 722 include aservice attribute 734 and a NAN-DL attribute 736. In other examples, theNAN attributes 722 may include more than one service attribute and/ormore than one NAN-DL attribute. The service attribute 734 may includedata descriptive of a service (e.g., a gaming service) offered by aprovider device, such as the first electronic device 104 of FIG. 1. Theservice attribute 734 may include an indicator that identifies theNAN-DL attribute 736, as described further herein with reference to FIG.9. The NAN-DL attribute 736 may be descriptive of a NAN-DL used toprovide the service described by or corresponding to the serviceattribute 734. The NAN-DL attribute 736 may define one or moreparameters of one or more communication windows corresponding to the NANdata link, as further described herein with reference to FIG. 10. As aparticular example, the NAN-DL attribute 736 may indicate a pagingwindow repetition rate corresponding to the NAN-DL. Thus, the serviceadvertisement 710 may identify one or more services and one or more NANdata links, and the service advertisement 710 may map the one or moreservices to the one or more NAN-DLs. Additional examples of mappingservices to NAN-DLs are illustrated in FIG. 9.

In some implementations, the NAN-DL attribute 736 may indicate one ormore logical channels corresponding to the NAN-DL. For example, one ofthe fields of the NAN-DL attribute 736 may indicate the one or morelogical channels. In some implementations, the NAN-DL attribute 736 mayindicate a logical channel selected by a provider device. In otherimplementations, the NAN-DL attribute 736 may indicate a set of logicalchannels that are available for use by the provider device. The NAN-DLattribute 736 may indicate the one or more logical channels using one ormore indices or a channel number (or other channel identifier). In otherimplementations, the one or more NAN attributes 722 may include a FAAthat indicates the one or more logical channels, as described withreference to FIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 8, a diagram 800 illustrating examples of a serviceattribute 810 and a NAN-DL attribute 820 is shown. The service attribute810 may include or correspond to the service attributes 170 or to theservice attribute 734 and the NAN-DL attribute 820 may include orcorrespond to the NAN-DL attributes 180 or to the NAN-DL attribute 736.

The service attribute 810 may include an attribute ID field 811 thatincludes a value that identifies the service attribute 810 as a serviceattribute. To illustrate, a message (e.g., the service advertisement710) may include attributes selected from a plurality of attributetypes. A particular value (e.g., hexadecimal value 0x0A) included in theattribute ID field 811 may identify the service attribute 810 as aservice attribute.

The service attribute 810 may further include a length field thatincludes a value identifying a length of the service attribute 810. Theservice attribute 810 may further include a service ID field 812 thatincludes a value identifying a service described by the serviceattribute 810. For example, the service ID field 812 may include a valuethat corresponds to a gaming service or a messaging service. In aparticular example, the service ID includes a hash value generated basedon a service name (e.g., “Gaming”).

The service attribute 810 may further include an instance ID field 813that identifies an instance of the service described by the serviceattribute 810. To illustrate, a provider device (e.g., the firstelectronic device 104) may support two or more instances of a service.For example, the service may be a gaming service, and the providerdevice may support two instances of the gaming service, a chess instanceand a checkers instance. The instance ID field 813 may identify aninstance of the service that the service attribute 810 describes. Forexample, the instance ID field 813 may include a first value thatcorresponds to a chess instance of the gaming service.

The service attribute 810 may further include a “binding” bitmap field814 (e.g., an indicator). The binding bitmap field 814 may include abitmap that indicates a NAN-DL attribute included in a message with theservice attribute 810. That is, the bitmap indicates a NAN-DL (of one ormore NAN-DLs in a message) that is used to provide the service (orservice instance) described by the service attribute 810. To illustrate,a message (such as the service advertisement 710) may include one ormore NAN-DL attributes. A binding bitmap value of 0x0001 may identify afirst NAN-DL attribute included in the message. A binding bitmap valueof 0x0002 may identify a second NAN-DL attribute included in themessage. In other implementations, other values may indicate otherNAN-DL attributes. In this manner, the binding bitmap field 814 mayinclude an indicator, such as the binding bitmap, that identifies aNAN-DL that is used to provide the service (or service instance)described by the service attribute 810. While the service attribute 810is shown including the binding bitmap field 814, other types ofindicators may be used to identify a NAN-DL attribute descriptive of aNAN-DL used to provide the service (or service instance).

The service attribute 810 may further include a requester instance IDfield, a service control field, a service information length field 815,and a service information field 816. The service information lengthfield 815 may include a value indicating a length of the serviceinformation field 816. The service information field 816 may includeinformation regarding the service (or service instance) described by theservice attribute 810. For example, the service information field 816may include information describing a chess game service instance. Inother implementations, service attributes may include more fields orfewer fields than are illustrated in FIG. 8.

The NAN-DL attribute 820 may include an attribute ID field 821 thatincludes a value that identifies the NAN-DL attribute 820 as a NAN-DLattribute. The NAN-DL attribute 820 may further include a length field,an OUI field, a vendor attribute type field, and a NAN-DL channel field822 that includes a value indicating a channel the NAN-DL operates on.For example, the NAN-DL channel field 822 may identify a wirelesschannel via which data is transmitted between devices of the NAN-DL. Thewireless channel may be similar to the data link channel described withreference to FIGS. 2-5. The NAN-DL attribute 820 may further include aNAN-DL control field 823. The NAN-DL control field 823 may define one ormore parameters of one or more communication windows corresponding tothe NAN-DL, as further described herein with reference to FIG. 10. As aparticular example, the NAN-DL control field 823 may indicate a pagingwindow repetition rate corresponding to the NAN-DL. The NAN-DL attribute820 may further include a NAN-DL group ID field 824 that includes avalue naming the NAN-DL. For example, the NAN-DL Group ID field 824 mayidentify the NAN-DL group as a “Chess group” when the NAN-DL attribute820 corresponds to the chess instance of the gaming service. In otherimplementations, NAN-DL attributes may include more fields or fewerfields than are illustrated in FIG. 8.

Thus, the diagram 800 illustrates a service attribute that may indicateor identify a NAN-DL attribute used to provide a service (or serviceinstance) described by the service attribute. Examples of messages thatinclude service attributes that indicate NAN-DL attributes are describedfurther herein with reference to FIG. 9.

Referring to FIG. 9, a diagram 900 illustrating examples of serviceinstances mapped to NAN-DL attributes is shown. In a first example, amessage (e.g., the service advertisement 710) that includes two serviceattributes describing different instances of a common service thatidentify a common NAN-DL is shown. The message includes a first serviceattribute 902, a second service attribute 904, and a NAN-DL attribute906. The first service attribute 902 and the second service attribute904 may include fields as illustrated with respect to the serviceattribute 810 of FIG. 8.

The first service attribute 902 may correspond to a first instance(e.g., chess) of a service offered by a provider device (e.g., the firstelectronic device 104), and the second service attribute 904 maycorrespond to a second instance (e.g., checkers) of the service offeredby the provider device. To illustrate, the first service attribute 902may include a field corresponding to the service ID field 812. Theservice ID field 812 may include a value that indicates that the firstservice attribute 902 describes the gaming service. The first serviceattribute 902 may further include a field corresponding to the instanceID field 813 that indicates that the first service attribute 902describes a chess instance of the gaming service. The first serviceattribute 902 may further include a field corresponding to the bindingbitmap field 814 that includes a value identifying the NAN-DL attribute906. For example, the binding bitmap field 814 may include a value0x0001 identifying a first NAN-DL attribute included in the message(e.g., the NAN-DL attribute 906). The first service attribute 902 mayfurther include a field corresponding to the service information field816 that includes information describing the chess instance of thegaming service.

The second service attribute 904 may include a field corresponding tothe service ID field 812. The service ID field 812 may include a valuethat indicates that the second service attribute 904 describes thegaming service. The second service attribute 904 may further include afield corresponding to the instance ID field 813 that indicates that thesecond service attribute 904 describes a checkers instance of the gamingservice. The second service attribute 904 may further include a fieldcorresponding to the binding bitmap field 814 that includes a valueidentifying the NAN-DL attribute 906. For example, the binding bitmapfield 814 may include a value 0x0001 identifying a first NAN-DLattribute included in the message (e.g., the NAN-DL attribute 906). Thesecond service attribute 904 may further include a field correspondingto the service information field 816 that includes informationdescribing the checkers instance of the gaming service.

The NAN-DL attribute 906 may include fields as illustrated with respectto the NAN-DL attribute 820 of FIG. 8. For example, the NAN-DL attribute906 may include a field corresponding to the attribute ID field 821. Theattribute ID field 821 may include a value that indicates the NAN-DLattribute 906 is a NAN-DL attribute. The NAN-DL attribute 906 mayfurther include a field corresponding to the NAN-DL channel field 822that indicates a channel (e.g., 48) used for communication by electronicdevices of the NAN-DL described by the NAN-DL attribute 906. Forexample, the NAN-DL channel field 822 may identify a wireless channelused by electronic devices of the NAD-DL to transmit or receive data.The NAN-DL attribute 906 may further include a field corresponding tothe NAN-DL control field 823 that defines parameters of one or morecommunication windows corresponding to the NAN-DL, as further describedwith reference to FIG. 10. The NAN-DL attribute 906 may further includea field corresponding to the NAN-DL group ID field 824 that includes afield identifying a group name (“e.g., Gaming Group”) of the NAN-DLdescribed by the NAN-DL attribute 906. Thus, in the first example, amessage may advertise two different instances of a service and indicatethat both instances are provided by a provider device via a commonNAN-DL.

In a second example, a message (e.g., the service advertisement 710)that includes two service attributes describing different instances of acommon service that identify different NAN-DLs is shown. The messageincludes a first service attribute 910, a second service attribute 912,a first NAN-DL attribute 914, and a second NAN-DL attribute 916.

The first service attribute 910 may correspond to a first instance(e.g., chess) of a service offered by a provider device (e.g., the firstelectronic device 104), and the second service attribute 912 maycorrespond to a second instance (e.g., checkers) of the service offeredby the provider device. As explained above, the first service attribute910 and the second service attribute 912 may include a service ID field812 that indicates that the first service attribute 910 and the secondservice attribute 912, respectively, describe a gaming service. Thefirst service attribute 910 and the second service attribute 912 mayeach further include an instance ID field 813 and a service informationfield 816. The instance ID field 813 of the first service attribute 910may indicate that the first service attribute 910 describes a chessinstance of the gaming service, and the service information field 816 ofthe first service attribute 910 may include information describing thechess instance of the gaming service. The instance ID field 813 of thesecond service attribute 912 may indicate that the second serviceattribute 912 describes a checkers instance of the gaming service, andthe service information field 816 of the second service attribute 912may include information describing the checkers instance of the gamingservice.

The first service attribute 910 may also include a binding bitmap field814 that includes a value identifying the first NAN-DL attribute 914.For example, the binding bitmap field 814 of the first service attribute910 may include a value 0x0001 identifying a first NAN-DL attributeincluded in the message (e.g., the first NAN-DL attribute 914). Thesecond service attribute 912 may also include a binding bitmap field 814that includes a value identifying the second NAN-DL attribute 916. Forexample, the binding bitmap field 814 of the second service attribute912 may include a value 0x0002 identifying a second NAN-DL attributeincluded in the message (e.g., the second NAN-DL attribute 916). Thus,by including binding bitmap fields 814 with different values, the firstservice attribute 910 and the second service attribute 912 may identifydifferent NAN-DLs.

The first NAN-DL attribute 914 may include fields as illustrated withrespect to the NAN-DL attribute 820 of FIG. 8. For example, the firstNAN-DL attribute 914 may include an attribute ID field 821 that includesa value that indicates the first NAN-DL attribute 914 is a NAN-DLattribute. The first NAN-DL attribute 914 may further include a NAN-DLchannel field 822 that indicates a channel (e.g., 48) used forcommunication by electronic devices of the NAN-DL described by the firstNAN-DL attribute 914. The first NAN-DL attribute 914 may further includea NAN-DL control field attribute that defines parameters of one or morecommunication windows corresponding to the NAN-DL described by the firstNAN-DL attribute 914. The first NAN-DL attribute 914 may further includea NAN-DL group ID field that includes a field identifying a group name(“e.g., Chess Gaming Group”) of the NAN-DL described by the first NAN-DLattribute 914.

The second NAN-DL attribute 916 may include fields as illustrated withrespect to the NAN-DL attribute 820 of FIG. 8. For example, the secondNAN-DL attribute 916 may include an attribute ID field that includes avalue that indicates the second NAN-DL attribute 916 is a NAN-DLattribute. The second NAN-DL attribute 916 may further include a NAN-DLchannel field that indicates a channel (e.g., 30) used for communicationby electronic devices of the NAN-DL described by the second NAN-DLattribute 916. The channel indicated by the second NAN-DL attribute 916may be different than the channel indicated by the first NAN-DLattribute 914. The second NAN-DL attribute 916 may further include aNAN-DL control field attribute that defines parameters of one or morecommunication windows corresponding to the NAN-DL described by thesecond NAN-DL attribute 916. The parameters of the one or morecommunication windows may be different for the second NAN-DL attribute916 than for the first NAN-DL attribute 914. The second NAN-DL attribute916 may further include a NAN-DL group ID field that includes a fieldidentifying a group name (“e.g., Checkers Gaming Group”) of the NAN-DLdescribed by the second NAN-DL attribute 916.

Thus, in the second example, a message may advertise two differentinstances of a service and indicate that the instances are provided by aprovider device via different NAN-DLs. The different instances may beprovided via different channels and may have different communicationwindow parameters.

In a third example, a message (e.g., the service advertisement 710) thatincludes two service attributes describing different services thatidentify different NAN-DLs is shown. The message includes a firstservice attribute 920, a second service attribute 922, a first NAN-DLattribute 924, and a second NAN-DL attribute 926.

In the third example, the first service attribute 920 and the secondservice attribute 922 correspond to different services. For example, thefirst service attribute 920 may correspond to an instance (e.g., chess)of a first service offered by a provider device (e.g., the firstelectronic device 104) and the second service attribute 922 maycorrespond to an instance (e.g., family messaging) of a second serviceoffered by the provider device. To illustrate, the first serviceattribute 920 may include a service ID field that includes a value thatindicates that the first service attribute 920 describes a gamingservice, and the second service attribute 922 may include a service IDfield that includes a value that indicates that the second serviceattribute 922 describes a messaging service. The first service attribute920 and the second service attribute 922 may also include the fieldsdescribed above with respect to the first and second examples thatdescribe the gaming service or the messaging service, respectively.Additionally, the first service attribute 920 may include a bindingbitmap field that includes a value identifying the first NAN-DLattribute 924. For example, the binding bitmap field may include a value0x0001 identifying a first NAN-DL attribute included in the message(e.g., the first NAN-DL attribute 924). The second service attribute 922may further include a field corresponding to the binding bitmap field814 that includes a value identifying the second NAN-DL attribute 926.For example, the binding bitmap field may include a value 0x0002identifying a second NAN-DL attribute included in the message (e.g., thesecond NAN-DL attribute 926). Thus, the different service attributes 920and 922 may identify different NAN-DLs.

The first NAN-DL attribute 924 and the second NAN-DL attribute 926 mayinclude fields, as described above with respect to the NAN-DL attributes914 and 916, that describe the corresponding NAN-DLs. For example, thefirst NAN-DL attribute 924 may include a NAN-DL channel field 822 thatindicates a channel used for communication by electronic devices of theNAN-DL described by the first NAN-DL attribute 924 and a NAN-DL controlfield 823 that defines parameters of one or more communication windowsthat correspond to the NAN-DL described by the first NAN-DL attribute924. Additionally, the second NAN-DL attribute 926 may include a NAN-DLchannel field 822 that indicates a channel used for communication byelectronic devices the NAN-DL described by the second NAN-DL attribute926 and a NAN-DL control field 823 that defines parameters of one ormore communication windows that correspond to the NAN-DL described bythe second NAN-DL attribute 926. The channel and the parameterscorresponding to the first NAN-DL attribute 924 may be different thanthe channel and parameters corresponding to the second NAN-DL attribute926.

Thus, in the third example, a message may advertise two differentservices and indicate that the two different services are provided by aprovider device via different NAN-DLs. The two different services may beprovided via different channels and may have different communicationwindow parameters.

Referring to FIG. 10, a diagram 1000 illustrating the NAN-DL controlfield 823 is shown. The NAN-DL control field 823 may be a field of theNAN-DL attributes 180 or to the NAN-DL attribute 736 and may define oneor more parameters of one or more communication windows (e.g., pagingwindows, transmission windows, or both) of a NAN-DL described by theNAN-DL attributes 180 or the NAN-DL attribute 736. In a particularimplementation, the NAN-DL control field 823 may include sixteen bits.

The NAN-DL control field 823 may include a discovery window offsetindicator 1011. To illustrate, the discovery window offset indicator1011 (e.g., a value of bits 0-1) may indicate a time period between theend of a discovery window and a beginning of a transmission window. TheNAN-DL control field 823 may further include a DL transmission windowoffset indicator 1012. To illustrate, the DL transmission window offsetindicator 1012 (e.g., a value of bits 2-3) may indicate a time periodbetween transmission windows. The NAN-DL control field 823 may furtherinclude a DL transmission window size indicator 1013. To illustrate, theDL transmission window size indicator 1013 (e.g., a value of bits 4-5)may indicate a size of transmission windows for the NAN-DL. The NAN-DLcontrol field 823 may further include a paging window size indicator1014. To illustrate, the paging window size indicator 1014 (e.g., avalue of bits 6-7) may indicate a size of paging windows for the NAN-DL.

The NAN-DL control field 823 may further include a DL transmissionwindow repeat indicator 1015. To illustrate, the DL transmission windowrepeat indicator 1015 (e.g., a value of bit 8) may indicate whethertransmission windows repeat between consecutive discovery windows. TheNAN-DL control field 823 may further include a “data link heartbeat”indicator 1016. To illustrate, the data link heartbeat indicator 1016(e.g., a value of bits 9-10) may indicate a threshold time period that,if no data transmission occur via the NAN-DL channel, electronic devicesof the NAN-DL will consider the NAN-DL to no longer be valid. The datalink heartbeat may be similar to the data link heartbeat described withreference to FIG. 1. The NAN-DL control field 823 may further include apaging window repetition indicator 1017 and a reserved bit 1018 (e.g.,bit 15). To illustrate, the paging window repetition indicator 1017(e.g., a value of bits 11-14) may indicate a number NUM_PW. Pagingwindows may be defined for one transmission window of each NUM_PWtransmission windows between consecutive discovery windows. FIG. 10illustrates two examples based on different values of the paging windowrepetition indicator 1017.

In a first example 1020, the paging window repetition indicator 1017 hasa value of one. This value corresponds to each transmission windowhaving a defined paging window. As illustrated in FIG. 10, in the firstexample 1020, each of the five transmission windows includes a pagingwindow.

In a second example 1022, the paging window repetition indicator 1017has a value of two. This value corresponds to one out of every twotransmission windows having a defined paging window. As illustrated inFIG. 10, in the second example 1022, the first transmission window, thethird transmission window, and the fifth transmission window eachinclude a paging window, and the second transmission window and thefourth transmission window do not include paging windows.

During transmission windows that do not have paging windows, datatransmission patterns may be repeated from a previous transmissionwindow having a paging window. Transmission windows may be relativelylonger if a paging window is absent. To illustrate, in the secondexample 1022, during the first paging window, a first electronic devicemay transmit a data announcement message that indicates that data isavailable for a second electronic device. During the first transmissionwindow, the first electronic device and the second electronic device mayremain in an active operating mode to transmit or receive data, andother electronic devices may transition into a low-power operating modeto conserve power. During the second transmission window, the firstelectronic device and the second electronic device may remain in theactive operating mode to continue transmitting or receiving data and theother electronic devices may remain in the low-power operating mode. Inthis manner, the data transmission pattern of the first transmissionwindow (which included the first paging window) may be repeated duringsubsequent transmission windows that do not include paging windows.During a subsequent paging window, each of the electronic devices mayoperating in the active operating mode to transmit data announcementmessages or to monitor for data announcement messages. Thus, forservices that perform the same data transmission pattern for multipletransmission windows, reducing a number of paging windows may enableelectronic devices that are not scheduled to receive data to remain inthe low-power operating mode during multiple transmission windows andthereby reduce power consumption.

Referring to FIG. 11, a method 1100 of operation at an electronic deviceof a data link is shown. The method 1100 may be performed at any of theelectronic devices 104-116 of FIG. 1 (e.g., the method 1100 maycorrespond to a multi-hop data link) or any of the devices 612 of FIG.6.

The method 1100 includes generating a first traffic announcement messageat a first electronic device of a data link, where the first trafficannouncement message indicates first data is to be transmitted from thefirst electronic device to a second electronic device of the data link,at 1102. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, the first electronicdevice 104 may generate the data announcement 120 to indicate the data122 for transmission to the second electronic device 106.

The method 1100 further includes transmitting the first trafficannouncement message to electronic devices of the data link during afirst paging window, at 1104. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, thefirst electronic device 104 may transmit the data announcement 120 tothe second electronic device 106 during a first paging window, such asthe first NAN paging window 220 or the first paging window 224 of FIGS.2-5. Alternatively, the first paging window may include or correspond toanother reserved time period or slot during which the intendedrecipients of the data announcement 120 are expected to be in the activeoperating mode (e.g., “awake,” as opposed to being in a “sleep” orpower-save mode).

In some implementations, the traffic announcement message may betransmitted via a first wireless network that is reserved for datatransmissions within the data link. For example, communications via thefirst wireless network may be performed via the data link channel 204 ofFIGS. 2-5. In this implementation, the first paging window may occurduring a time period corresponding to an active operating mode of theelectronic devices. For example, the first paging window may include orcorrespond to the first paging window 224 of FIGS. 2 and 3. The firsttime period (e.g., the first paging window) begins one discovery windowoffset period after a first discovery window of a neighbor awarenessnetwork (NAN). For example, with reference to FIG. 2, the first pagingwindow 224 may occur one discovery window offset 244 after the firstdiscovery window 210. A first portion of a first transmission window ofthe data link may include the first paging window. For example, withreference to FIG. 2, the first transmission window 240 may include thefirst paging window 224.

Prior to generating the first traffic announcement message, the firstelectronic device may receive a service discovery message at the firstelectronic device via a first wireless network. For example, withreference to FIG. 1, prior to generating the data announcement 120, thefirst electronic device 104 may receive a service discovery message fromone or more of the electronic devices 106-112. The first wirelessnetwork may be reserved for discovery operations and synchronizationoperations within a neighbor aware network (NAN). For example,communications via the second wireless network may be performed via theNAN channel 202 of FIGS. 2-5. Subsequent to receiving the servicediscovery message and prior to transmitting the first trafficannouncement message, the first electronic device may be configured totransmit via a second wireless network. The second wireless network maybe reserved for data transmissions within the data link. For example,subsequent to receiving a service discovery message and prior toreceiving the third traffic announcement message 256, a transmitter (ora transceiver) of the first electronic device 104 may be configured fromtransmitting via the NAN channel 202 to transmitting via the data linkchannel 204.

The NAN may include a first plurality of electronic devices and the datalink may include a second plurality of electronic devices. The secondplurality of electronic devices may be a subset of the first pluralityof electronic devices. For example, the first plurality of electronicdevices may include the electronic devices 104-116 and the secondplurality of electronic devices may include the electronic devices104-112 of FIG. 1.

If the first wireless network is reserved for data transmissions withinthe data link, the method 1100 may also include transmitting, via thefirst wireless network, the first data from the first electronic deviceto the second electronic device during a second portion of the firsttransmission window. For example, the first electronic device 104 maytransmit the data 122 to the second electronic device 106 during thefirst data transmission portion 234 of FIGS. 2 and 3. Additionally, thefirst traffic announcement message may indicate second data to betransmitted from the first electronic device to the third electronicdevice, such as the third electronic device 108 of FIG. 1 of the datalink. The method 1100 may include transmitting, via the first wirelessnetwork, the second data may be transmitted from the first electronicdevice to a third electronic device.

The first electronic device may be configured to generate a secondtraffic announcement message that indicates second data to betransmitted from the first electronic device to a third electronicdevice of the data link. For example, the first electronic device 104may generate the fourth traffic announcement message 258 that indicatessecond data to be transmitted to the third electronic device 108. Thesecond traffic announcement message may be transmitted via the firstwireless network to electronic devices of the data link during a secondpaging window of the data link. For example, with reference to FIGS.2-3, the fourth traffic announcement message 258 may be transmitted viathe data link channel 204 during the second paging window 226. The firsttransmission window and a second transmission window occur during afirst discovery window interval that occurs between the first discoverywindow and a second discovery window of the NAN. For example, withreference to FIG. 2, the first transmission window 240 and the secondtransmission window 242 may occur during the discovery period 248 thatoccurs between the first discovery window 210 and the second discoverywindow 212.

A duration of the first paging window may be based on a number ofelectronic devices of the data link that offer services to otherelectronic devices of the data link. For example, the first electronicdevice may be configured to maintain a count of root announcement (RANN)messages received at the first electronic device, such as the RANN 142of FIG. 1. Each of the RANN messages received at the first electronicdevice may indicate and/or identify a corresponding electronic device ofthe data link that offers a service to other electronic devices of thedata link. The first electronic device may be configured to determine aduration of the first paging window based on the count. For example, theduration of the first paging window may be determined as a function ofthe count (e.g., based on one or more algorithms) or may be determinedbased on comparing the count to a mapping table. In a particularimplementation, a duration of the first paging window may be based on asize of a data link time block corresponding to the data link. As anon-limiting example, the data link time block may have a size of 32time units (TU). The duration of the first paging window may be apercentage of the data link time block. For example, the duration of thepaging window may be 10% of the size of the data link time block (e.g.,3.2 TU). In some implementations, the duration of the paging window maynot exceed a threshold value. For example, the duration of the pagingwindow may be 10% of the size of the data link time block if such aduration does not exceed a threshold value of 10 TU.

In other implementations, the traffic announcement message istransmitted via the first wireless network that is reserved fordiscovery operations and synchronization operations within a neighboraware network (NAN). For example, communications via the first wirelessnetwork may be performed via the NAN channel 202 of FIGS. 2-5, and thefirst paging window may include or correspond to the first NAN pagingwindow 220 of FIGS. 2 and 4. In such implementations, the first pagingwindow begins one discovery window offset period after termination of afirst discovery window of the NAN. For example, the first NAN pagingwindow 220 may occur one discovery window offset 244 after the firstdiscovery window 210. After transmitting the first traffic announcementmessage via the first wireless network, the first electronic device maybe configured to transmit via the second wireless network and the firstelectronic device may transmit the first data to the second electronicdevice via the second wireless network. The second wireless network maybe reserved for data transmissions within the data link. For example,after transmitting the first traffic announcement message 252, atransmitter (or a transceiver) of the first electronic device 104 may beconfigured from transmitting the NAN channel 202 to transmitting via thedata link channel 204, and the data 122 may be transmitted from thefirst electronic device 104 to the second electronic device 106 via thedata link channel 204.

If the first wireless network is reserved for discovery operations andsynchronization operations within the NAN, the first trafficannouncement message may identify the first electronic device as asender, may identify the second electronic device as a recipient, mayidentify the data link as a delivery path for the first data, or acombination thereof. Alternatively, or in addition, the first trafficannouncement message may include a traffic indication map. For example,the data announcement 120 of FIG. 1 may include a traffic indicationmap. The traffic indication map may include a bitmap, and values of oneor more bits of the bitmap may identify one or more electronic devicesas recipients of data transmissions from the first electronic deviceduring a first transmission window. A first bit of the trafficindication map may indicate that first data is to be transmitted to thesecond electronic device and a second bit of the traffic indication mapmay indicate that second data is to be transmitted to a third electronicdevice of the data link. As an illustrative example, the trafficindication map may include fourteen bits, and a first subset of bits(e.g., the first seven bits) may correspond to the electronic devices104-116, and a second subset of bits (e.g., the next seven bits) maycorrespond to devices of a second data link (not shown). The first bitmay indicate that the first data is to be transmitted to the secondelectronic device 106, and the second bit may indicate that second datais to be transmitted to the third electronic device 108. Additionally, alocation of the first bit in the traffic indication map may be based onan association identifier assigned by the first electronic device to thesecond electronic device. For example, when the first electronic device104 associates with the second electronic device 106, the firstelectronic device 104 may generate and assign an association identifierof “01” to the second electronic device 106, and based on theassociation identifier 01, the first bit of the traffic indication mapmay correspond to the second electronic device 106. As another example,when the first electronic device 104 associates with the fourthelectronic device 110, the first electronic device 104 may generate andassign an association identifier of “06” to the fourth electronic device110, and based on the association identifier 06, the sixth bit of thetraffic indication map may correspond to the fourth electronic device110.

In other implementations, a start time of the first paging window may bedetermined based on an internal clock of the first electronic device.For example, the internal clock may be synchronized based on one or moresynchronization beacons received at the first electronic device from aneighbor aware network (NAN). To illustrate, a start time of the firsttime period (e.g., the first paging window) may be determined by aninternal clock (or other timing circuitry, such as the timing and/orcounting circuitry 2274 of FIG. 22) included in the data announcementlogic 130 of the first electronic device 104 or the data announcementlogic 132 of the second electronic device 106. The internal clock may besynchronized by one or more synchronization beacons received from one ormore electronic devices of the NAN 102, such as the synchronizationbeacon 140 of FIG. 1.

In a particular implementation, the method 1100 further includesgenerating a first announcement traffic indication message (ATIM) and asecond ATIM at the first electronic device. The first ATIM may indicatesecond data is to be transmitted from the first electronic device to thesecond electronic device. The second ATIM may indicate third data is tobe transmitted from the first electronic device to a third electronicdevice of the data link. The method 1100 includes transmitting the ATIMto the second electronic device during a second paging window of thedata link. For example, the first electronic device 104 may transmit anATIM to the second electronic device 106 via a unicast transmission, asdescribed with reference to FIG. 1. The ATIM may indicate that trafficis to be transmitted to the second electronic device 106. The method1100 further includes transmitting the second ATIM to the thirdelectronic device during the second paging window. In someimplementations, multiple ATIMs may be transmitted (and multiple ACKsmay be received) during a single paging window.

In a particular implementation, the method 1100 includes receiving anacknowledgement from the second electronic device responsive to thetraffic announcement message. The acknowledgement may be a quality ofservice null (QoS)_NULL frame. For example, the first electronic device104 may receive the acknowledgement 124, which may be a QoS_NULL frame,from the second electronic device 106. Additionally, the QoS_NULL framemay include a reverse direction grant (RDG) that authorizes the firstelectronic device to transmit a response to the second electronic devicewithin a short interframe space (SIFS) period without contention. Forexample, the acknowledgement 124 may include a RDG that enables thefirst electronic device 104 to transmit a response to theacknowledgement 124 within a SIFS without contention (for the wirelessmedium).

In a particular implementation, the method 1100 further includesselecting a first contention window parameter based on a duration of thefirst paging window, a size of paging messages, and a target collisionprobability of paging messages. For example, the first contention windowparameter (CW) may be selected based on a duration of a paging window(PAGING SIZE), a size of paging messages, and a target collisionprobability of paging messages, as described with reference to FIG. 1.Additionally or alternatively, the method 1100 may further includeselecting a second contention window parameter based on a duration of afirst transmission window, a size of data transmissions, and a targetcollision probability of data transmissions. The first transmissionwindow may include the first paging window. For example, the firstcontention window parameter (CW) may be selected based on a duration ofa transmission portion of a transmission window T_(Data), a size of datatransmissions, and a target collision probability of data transmissions,as described with reference to FIG. 1.

The method 1100 enables a traffic announcement message to be transmittedvia a NAN channel (e.g., the NAN channel 202) or a data link channel(e.g., the data link channel 204). One or more electronic devices of thedata link may conserve power by changing an operating mode based on thetraffic announcement message.

Referring to FIG. 12, a method 1200 of operation at an electronic deviceof a data link is shown. The method 1200 may be performed at any of theelectronic devices 104-116 of FIG. 1 (e.g., the method 1200 maycorrespond to a multi-hop data link) or any of the devices 612 of FIG.6.

The method 1200 includes monitoring, at a first electronic device of adata link, a first wireless network during a first paging windowcorresponding to an active operating mode of the electronic devices ofthe data link, at 1202. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, thesecond electronic device 106 may monitor a first wireless network todetect the data announcement 120. The first time period may include orcorrespond to the first NAN paging window 220 or the first paging window224.

The method 1200 further includes receiving, at the first electronicdevice, a first traffic announcement message from a second electronicdevice of the data link during the first paging window, at 1204. In aparticular implementation, the first traffic announcement message mayinclude or correspond to a broadcast message. For example, withreference to FIG. 1, each of the electronic devices 106-112 may receivethe data announcement 120 transmitted by the first electronic device104.

The first electronic device may be configured to determine whether thefirst traffic announcement message identifies the first electronicdevice as a recipient of data from a second electronic device during afirst transmission window of the data link. In response to determiningthat the first traffic announcement message identifies the firstelectronic device as the recipient, the first electronic device may bemaintained in the active operating mode during the first transmissionwindow and may receive the data from the second electronic device duringthe first transmission window. For example, the second electronic device106 may determine that the data announcement 120 identifies the secondelectronic device 106 as a recipient of the data 122 from the firstelectronic device 104. In response to determining that the dataannouncement 120 identifies the second electronic device 106, the secondelectronic device 106 may maintain an operating mode in the activeoperating mode during a time period corresponding to the data link.Alternatively, in response to determining that the first trafficannouncement message does not identify the first electronic device asthe recipient, the first electronic device may transition from theactive operating mode to a low-power operating mode during the firsttransmission window. For example, in response to determining that thedata announcement 120 does not identify the electronic devices 108-112as recipients of the data 122, the electronic devices 108-112 maytransition to the low-power operating mode. The first electronic devicemay transition from the low-power operating mode (back) to the activeoperating mode at a second start time of a second paging window of thedata link. For example, the electronic devices 108-112 may transition(back) to the active operating mode at a start of the second NAN pagingwindow 222 or the second paging window 226.

In some implementations, the first traffic announcement message may bereceived via the first wireless network and the first wireless networkmay be reserved for data transmissions corresponding to the data link.For example, communications via the first wireless network may beperformed via the data link channel 204 of FIGS. 2-5. If the firsttraffic announcement message identifies and/or indicates the firstelectronic device as the recipient of data from the second electronicdevice, the first electronic device may receive the data from the secondelectronic device via the first wireless network. For example, if thedata announcement 120 identifies the second electronic device 106 as arecipient of the data 122, the second electronic device 106 may receivethe data 122 from the first electronic device 104 via the data linkchannel 204.

In other implementations, the first traffic announcement message may bereceived via the first wireless network and the first wireless networkmay be reserved for discovery operations and synchronization operationswithin a neighbor aware network (NAN). For example, communications viathe first wireless network may be performed via the NAN channel 202 ofFIGS. 2-5. If the first traffic announcement message indicates the firstelectronic device as the recipient, the first electronic device mayreceive the data from the second electronic device via a second wirelessnetwork. For example, if the data announcement 120 identifies the secondelectronic device 106 as a recipient of the data 122, the secondelectronic device 106 may receive the data 122 from the first electronicdevice 104 via the data link channel 204.

In other implementations, the first electronic device may determinewhether a value of a particular bit of a traffic indication mapidentifies the first electronic device as the recipient. For example,the particular bit may correspond to the first electronic device. Toillustrate, a location (or position) of the particular bit in thetraffic identification map may be determined based on an associationidentification assigned by the second electronic device during anassociation process between the first electronic device and the secondelectronic device. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, the secondelectronic device 106 may be assigned an association identification bythe first electronic device 104 during an association process betweenthe first electronic device 104 and the second electronic device 106.The first electronic device may determine a particular data link networkvia which to receive the data based on an association identificationspace corresponding to the particular bit. For example, a first subsetof bits (e.g., bits 1-10) of the traffic indication map may correspondto a first data link, a second subset of bits (e.g., bits, 11-20) of thetraffic indication map may correspond to a second data link, and thesecond electronic device 106 of FIG. 1 may determine a data link network(e.g., a data link channel) via which to receive the data 122 based on alocation of one or more bits corresponding to the second electronicdevice 106 in the traffic indication map. The location of the one ormore bits may correspond to whether the one or more bits are included inthe first subset of bits, the second subset of bits, or a combinationthereof.

The method 1200 enables a traffic announcement message to be receivedvia a NAN channel (e.g., the NAN channel 202) or a data link channel(e.g., the data link channel 204). One or more electronic devices of thedata link may conserve power by changing an operating mode based on thetraffic announcement message.

Referring to FIG. 13, a method 1300 of operation at an electronic deviceof a data link is shown. The method 1300 may be performed at any of theelectronic devices 104-112 of FIG. 1 (e.g., the method 1300 maycorrespond to a single-hop data link) or any of the devices 612 of FIG.6.

The method 1300 includes generating a service discovery frame at a firstelectronic device of a data link of a neighbor aware network (NAN),where the service discovery frame includes an attribute identifying asubset of electronic devices of the data link as recipients of data fromthe first electronic device during a transmission window or identifyinga time period corresponding to data announcements and timing informationof data transmissions corresponding to the data link, at 1302. Forexample, with reference to FIG. 1, the first electronic device 104 maygenerate the service discovery frame (e.g., the data announcement 120 ofFIG. 1 or the SDF 250 of FIGS. 2-5). In some implementations the firstservice descriptor attribute and the first service response filter fieldare formatted in accordance with a NAN protocol.

The method 1300 further includes transmitting the service discoveryframe to electronic devices of the NAN other than the first electronicdevice, at 1304. For example, the data announcement 120 may correspondto the SDF 250 of FIG. 2, and the first electronic device 104 maytransmit the SDF 250 to the second electronic device 106 via the NANchannel 202. In a particular implementation, the service discovery frameis transmitted during a discovery window of the NAN, which may bereferred to as a NAN discovery window. To illustrate, with reference toFIG. 2, the SDF 250 may be transmitted via the NAN channel 202 duringthe first discovery window 210.

In a particular implementation, the attribute may be a servicedescriptor attribute. A service response filter field of the servicedescriptor attribute may identify the subset of electronic devices ofthe data link as recipients of the data from the first electronic deviceduring the transmission window. The service discovery frame may betransmitted during a discovery window of the NAN, and wherein the NANincludes the subset of electronic devices of the data link. In anotherparticular implementation, the attribute may be a data link attributecorresponding to the data link. A data link control field of the datalink attribute may identify the time period and the timing information.The service discovery frame may be transmitted to the electronic devicesof the data link during a discovery window.

In some implementations, the first electronic device may transmit atleast a portion of the data to a second electronic device of the datalink via a first wireless network corresponding to the data link duringthe first transmission window. For example, with reference to FIG. 1,the first electronic device 104 may transmit the data 122 to the secondelectronic device 106 via the data link channel 204. The first subset ofelectronic devices may include one or more electronic devices, such asthe second electronic device. For example, in some implementations, thedata announcement 120 may indicate multiple electronic devices of theelectronic devices 106-112 as recipients of the data 122.

In at least some implementations, the first electronic device maycorrespond to a second data link of the NAN. For example, the firstelectronic device 104 may correspond to a second data link that includesone or more of the electronic devices 106-112. The service discoveryframe generated by the first electronic device may include a secondservice descriptor attribute. A second service response filter field ofthe second service descriptor attribute may identify a second subset ofelectronic devices of the second data link as recipients of second data.The first electronic device may transmit at least a portion of thesecond data to a third electronic device of the second data link via asecond wireless network during the first transmission window. Forexample, with reference to FIG. 1, the data announcement 120 may furtheridentify the third electronic device 108 as a recipient of additionaldata, and the first electronic device 104 may transmit the additionaldata to the third electronic device 108 via a second data link network(e.g., a second data link channel) corresponding to the second datalink. The second wireless network may correspond to the second data linkand the second subset of electronic devices includes the thirdelectronic device.

In a particular implementation, the first service discovery attributeincludes a binding bitmap field. The binding bitmap field may indicate adata link attribute (e.g., a NDL attribute) and a second attribute. Thesecond attribute may include a traffic indication map (TIM). Forexample, the data announcement 120 may include a SDA that includes abinding bitmap field. The binding bitmap field may indicate a data linkattribute corresponding to the data link and a traffic announcementattribute, as described with reference to FIG. 1. In anotherimplementation, the second attribute may include a traffic indicator forthe data link. For example, the second attribute may include orcorrespond to the traffic announcement attribute described withreference to Table 1, and the traffic announcement attribute may includea traffic indicator. The traffic indicator may include a TIM, a Bloomfilter, or a list of MAC addresses.

The method 1300 enables a first electronic device of a data link totransmit a SDF that corresponds to a data announcement (e.g., as thedata announcement 120) to one or more electronic devices of a data link.One or more electronic devices of the data link may conserve power bychanging an operating mode based on the SDF.

Referring to FIG. 14, a method 1400 of operation at an electronic deviceof a data link is shown. The method 1400 may be performed at any of theelectronic devices 104-112 of FIG. 1 (e.g., the method 1400 maycorrespond to a single-hop data link) or any of the devices 612 of FIG.6.

The method 1400 includes receiving a service discovery frame at a firstelectronic device of a data link of a neighbor aware network (NAN),where the service discovery frame includes an attribute identifying asubset of electronic devices of the data link as recipients of data froma second electronic device of the data link during a transmission windowor identifying a time period of data announcements and timinginformation of data transmissions corresponding to the data link, at1402. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, the second electronicdevice 106 may receive the service discovery frame (e.g., the dataannouncement 120) from the first electronic device 104. To furtherillustrate, with reference to FIG. 2, the SDF 250 (corresponding to thedata announcement 120) may be received via the NAN channel 202 duringthe first discovery window 210.

The method 1400 further includes determining whether to monitor awireless network corresponding to the data link during the transmissionwindow based on the service response filter field, at 1404. For example,the second electronic device 106 may determine whether to monitor thedata link channel 204 during the first transmission window 240.

In a particular implementation, the attribute may be a servicedescriptor attribute. A service response filter field of the servicedescriptor attribute may identify the subset of electronic devices ofthe data link as recipients of the data from the second electronicdevice of the data link during the transmission window. Determiningwhether to monitor the wireless network may be based on the serviceresponse filter field. In another particular embodiment, the attributemay be a data link attribute corresponding to the data link. A data linkcontrol field of the data link attribute may identify the time period ofthe data announcements and the timing information. The wireless networkmay be monitored for at least one data frame from the second electronicdevice during the transmission window. The transmission window may bedetermined based on the data link attribute.

In some implementations, the first electronic device may monitor thewireless network for the data. For example, the first electronic devicemay monitor the wireless network based on determining that the firstelectronic device is included in the first subset of electronic devices.The first electronic device may receive at least a portion of the datafrom the second electronic device via the wireless network during thetransmission window. For example, the second electronic device 106 maymonitor the data link channel 204 and receive at least a portion of thedata 122 from the first electronic device 104 via the data link channel204.

In a particular implementation, the service discovery attribute mayinclude a binding bitmap field. The binding bitmap field may indicate adata link attribute (e.g., a NDL attribute) and a second attribute. Thesecond attribute may include a traffic indication map (TIM). Forexample, the data announcement 120 may include a SDA that includes abinding bitmap field. The binding bitmap field may indicate a data linkattribute corresponding to the data link and a traffic announcementattribute, as described with reference to FIG. 1. In anotherimplementation, the second attribute may include a traffic indicator forthe data link. For example, the second attribute may include orcorrespond to the traffic announcement attribute described withreference to Table 1, and the traffic announcement attribute may includea traffic indicator. The traffic indicator may include a TIM, a Bloomfilter, or a list of MAC addresses.

In a particular implementation, a paging window repetition rate may beindicated or represented as a number NUM_PW. Paging windows may bedefined for one transmission window of each NUM_PW transmission windowsbetween consecutive discovery windows. For example, if the number NUM_PWis greater than one, multiple paging windows may occur betweenconsecutive discovery windows. In other implementations, the periodicityof paging windows is indicated or determined during data link schedulenegotiation between electronic devices of the data link. If the numberNUM_PW is zero, the corresponding service provided by the secondelectronic device may not have paging windows. For example, a streamingservice may not have paging windows. In this implementation, the method1400 may further include maintaining the first electronic device in anactive operating mode during an entirety of a data link time blockcorresponding to the data link if the number NUM_PW is zero. Forexample, for a streaming service, a transmission window may extend foran entirety of a data link time block (e.g., an NDL time block)corresponding to the data link because the streaming service has nopaging windows. In this example, devices that receive the dataannouncement 120 may remain in the active operating mode for theentirety of the data link time block. The method 1400 may furtherinclude transitioning the first electronic device into a low-poweroperating mode based on a “MORE” bit included in data received at thefirst electronic device, an end-of-service-period (EOSP) bit included inthe data, or idle time detection of the wireless network. In someimplementations, if the NUM_PW is zero, an electronic device maytransition into the low power operating mode instead of remaining in theactive operating mode. For example, if the first electronic devicereceives data that includes a MORE bit or an EOSP bit, the firstelectronic device may transition into the low-power operating mode. Asanother example, if the first electronic device detects that thewireless network is idle for a threshold period of time, the firstelectronic device may transition to the low-power operating mode.

The method 1400 enables a first electronic device of a data link toreceive a SDF that corresponds to a data announcement (e.g., as the dataannouncement 120) from one or more electronic devices of a data link.The first electronic device may conserve power by changing an operatingmode based on the SDF.

Referring to FIG. 15, a method 1500 of operation at an electronic deviceof a data link is shown. The method 1500 may be performed at any of theelectronic devices 104-116 of FIG. 1 or any of the devices 612 of FIG.6.

The method 1500 includes generating a service discovery frame at a firstelectronic device of a first data link of a neighbor aware network(NAN), where the service discovery frame includes a first data linkattribute that corresponds to the first data link, and where a firstdata link control field of the first data link attribute identifies atime period corresponding to data announcements and timing informationof data transmissions corresponding to the first data link, at 1502. Forexample, with reference to FIG. 1, the first electronic device 104 maygenerate the service discovery frame (e.g., the data announcement 120).

The method 1500 further includes transmitting the service discoveryframe to one or more electronic devices of the data link during adiscovery window, at 1504. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, thefirst electronic device 104 may transmit the service discovery frame(e.g., the data announcement 120) to the second electronic device 106.To further illustrate, with reference to FIG. 2, the SDF 250(corresponding to the data announcement 120) may be transmitted via theNAN channel 202 during the first discovery window 210.

In some implementations, a first subset of bits of the first data linkcontrol field may identify the time period as one of a data link pagingwindow, a NAN paging window, or a discovery window corresponding to aservice discovery frame, as illustrative, non-limiting implementations.For example, the first subset of bits of the first data link controlfiled may identify the time period as one of the data link pagingwindows 224, 226, the NAN paging windows 220, 222, or the firstdiscovery window 210 of FIG. 2. The first subset of bits and a secondsubset of bits of the first data link control field identify the timinginformation. If the first subset of bits identifies the time period asthe data link paging window, the timing information may include aduration of the data link paging window. If the first subset of bitsidentifies the time period as the NAN paging window, the timinginformation may include a number of repetitions of the NAN paging windowbetween two consecutive discovery windows of the NAN. If the firstsubset of bits identifies time period as the discovery window, thetiming information may include a duration of time that data recipientassignments identified in a service response filter field of the servicedescriptor attribute of the service discovery frame are repeated. Forexample, particular values of the data link control field are furtherexplained with reference to FIG. 1 and to Table 6.

In other implementations, the service discovery frame may include asecond data link attribute that corresponds to a second data link. Asecond data link control field of the second data link attribute mayidentify and/or indicate a second time period corresponding to dataannouncements and second timing information corresponding to the seconddata link. For example, the SDF 250 may include multiple data linkattributes that each correspond to a different data link.

In a particular implementation, the first service response filteridentifies a Bloom filter that identifies the first subset of electronicdevices as recipients of the data. For example, with reference to FIG.1, the SRF (included in the data announcement 120) may include theaddress list 152 that is represented by a Bloom filter. A serviceresponse filter control field of the service response filter may includea Bloom filter index that indicates a set of hash functionscorresponding to the Bloom filter. For example, a service responsefilter control field of the SRF (included the data announcement 120) mayinclude a Bloom filter index that indicates a set of hash functions thatcorrespond to the Bloom filter (that represents the address list 152). Asize of the Bloom filter may be selected based on a target falsepositive percentage corresponding to the Bloom filter. For example, thesize of the Bloom filter may be increased by the first electronic device104 to decrease a false positive percentage corresponding to the Bloomfilter. The method 1500 may further include receiving an acknowledgementfrom a second electronic device responsive to the service discoveryframe and transmitting a negative-acknowledgement (NACK) to the secondelectronic device based on determining that the second electronic deviceis not a recipient of the data. For example, with reference to FIG. 1,the first electronic device 104 may receive the acknowledgement 144 fromthe fifth electronic device 112 and may transmit the NACK 154 to thefifth electronic device 112 in response to determining that the fifthelectronic device 112 is not a recipient of the data 122.

In a particular implementation, the data link attribute includes a fieldthat indicates a periodicity of transmission windows designated formulticast traffic. For example, the data link attribute may include amulticast periodicity field that indicates which transmission windowsare designated for multicast traffic, as described with reference toFIG. 1. Data may be transmitted during a transmission window that isdesignated for multicast traffic, and the transmission window may notinclude a paging window, as described with reference to FIG. 1.Additionally, a data announcement may not be transmitted to indicate themulticast traffic, as described with reference to FIG. 1.

The method 1500 enables a first electronic device of a data link totransmit a SDF that that includes a data link attribute. A data linkcontrol field of the data link attribute may identify informationcorresponding to the data link to other electronic devices of the datalink.

Referring to FIG. 16, a method 1600 of operation at an electronic deviceof a data link is shown. The method 1600 may be performed at any of theelectronic devices 104-116 of FIG. 1 or any of the devices 612 of FIG.6.

The method 1600 includes receiving a service discovery frame at a firstelectronic device of a data link of a neighbor aware network (NAN),where the service discovery frame includes a data link attribute thatcorresponds to the data link, and where a data link control field of thedata link attribute identifies a time period of data announcements andtiming information of data transmissions corresponding to the data link,at 1602. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, the second electronicdevice 106 may receive the service discovery frame (e.g., the dataannouncement 120).

The method 1600 further includes monitoring a wireless networkcorresponding to the data link for at least one data frame from a secondelectronic device during a transmission window, where the transmissionwindow is determined based on the data link attribute, at 1604. Forexample, the second electronic device 106 may monitor the data linkchannel 204 for at least one data frame of the data 122 from the firstelectronic device 104.

In some implementations, the wireless network may be reserved for datatransmission within the data link. For example, communications via thewireless network may be performed via the data link channel 204.Alternatively, or in addition, the first electronic device may determinethe time period of data announcements based on a first set of bits ofthe data link control field. Additionally, the first electronic devicemay determine the timing information based on the first set of bits andbased on a second set of bits of the data link control field. Forexample, the second electronic device 106 may determine the time periodand the timing information based on multiple bits of the data linkcontrol field, as further described with reference to FIG. 1 and toTable 6.

In a particular implementation, the service response filter fieldidentifies a Bloom filter, and determining to monitor the wirelessnetwork is based on determining that the first electronic device isidentified as a recipient of the data by the Bloom filter. For example,with reference to FIG. 1, the address list 152 included in the dataannouncement 120 (e.g., the NAN SDF that includes the SRF) may berepresented by a Bloom filter, and the second electronic device 106 maydetermine to monitor the data link channel 204 based on the Bloomfilter. The method 1600 may further include transmitting anacknowledgement to the second electronic device in response todetermining that the first electronic device is indicated as a recipientof the data, receiving a NACK from the second electronic device, andtransitioning the first electronic device from an active operating modeto a low-power operating mode in response to receiving the NACK. Forexample, with reference to FIG. 1, the fifth electronic device 112 maytransmit the acknowledgement 144 to the first electronic device based ona false positive match resulting from the Bloom filter (e.g., theaddress list 152). The first electronic device 104 may determine thatthe fifth electronic device 112 is not a recipient of the data 122 andmay transmit the NACK 154 to the fifth electronic device 112. The fifthelectronic device 112 may receive the NACK 154 and may transition intothe low-power operating mode based on the NACK 154.

The method 1600 enables a first electronic device of a data link toreceive a SDF that that includes a data link attribute. The firstelectronic device may determine information corresponding to the datalink based on a data link control field of the data link attribute.

Referring to FIG. 17, a method 1700 of operation at an electronic deviceof a data link is shown. The method 1700 may be performed at any of theelectronic devices 104-112 of FIG. 1 or any of the devices 612 of FIG.6.

The method 1700 includes receiving, at a first electronic device of adata link, an indication of an upcoming data transmission from a secondelectronic device of the data link, at 1702. For example, with referenceto FIG. 1, the second electronic device 106 may receive the indicationof the upcoming data transmission (e.g., the data announcement 120) fromthe first electronic device 104.

The method 1700 further includes transmitting an acknowledgement fromthe first electronic device to the second electronic device in responseto receiving the indication of the upcoming data transmission, at 1704.For example, with reference to FIG. 1, the second electronic device 106may transmit the acknowledgement 124 to the first electronic device 104.

In some implementations, the indication of the upcoming datatransmission may include a traffic announcement message (e.g., a dataannouncement message). For example, the data announcement 120 mayinclude or correspond to the traffic announcement messages 252, 254,256, and 258. In some implementations, the indication of the upcomingdata transmission may correspond to a service response filter field of aservice descriptor attribute included in a service discovery frame. Forexample, the data announcement 120 may include or correspond to the SDF250.

In some implementations, the acknowledgement may serve as or represent aPS-POLL message. The acknowledgement may be transmitted during anacknowledgement window that is included in a transmission window. Forexample, the transmission window may include a paging window, theacknowledgement window, and a data transmission portion. Theacknowledgement window may occur subsequent to the paging window andprior to the data transmission portion. To further illustrate, theacknowledgement 124 may serve as or represent a PS-POLL message and maybe transmitted during the acknowledgement windows 230, 232 of thetransmission windows 240, 242.

If the acknowledgement serves as the PS-POLL message, the firstelectronic device may be in an active operating mode during and/orimmediately after transmitting the acknowledgement. In someimplementations, the first electronic device may determine a duration ofa first time period that a first wireless network is idle. The firsttime period occurs subsequent to transmitting the acknowledgement. Thefirst electronic device may transition from the active operating mode toa low-power operating mode in response to determining that the durationof the first time period exceeds a first threshold value. For example,the second electronic device 106 may transition from the activeoperating mode to the low-power operating mode in response todetermining that the duration of the first time period exceeds theminimum wait time 2270 of FIG. 22. In other implementations, the firstelectronic device may determine a duration of a second time period thatthe first wireless network is busy. The second time period occurssubsequent to transmitting the acknowledgement. The first electronicdevice may transition from an active operating mode to a low-poweroperating mode in response to determining that the duration of thesecond time period exceeds a second threshold value. For example, thesecond electronic device 106 may transition from the active operatingmode to the low-power operating mode in response to determining that theduration of the first time period exceeds the maximum wait time 2272 ofFIG. 22. In other implementations, after transmitting theacknowledgement, the first electronic device may receive at least onedata frame from the second electronic device and may maintain the activeoperating mode in response to determining that one or more particularbits included in the at least one data frame indicate an additionalupcoming data transmission, such as an additional upcoming datatransmission to be received by the first electronic device. For example,the second electronic device 106 may receive at least one frame of thedata 122 from the first electronic device and may maintain the activeoperating mode in response to determining that a MORE bit or an EOSP bitof the at least one frame of the data 122 indicates an additionalupcoming data transmission.

In a particular implementation, after transmitting the acknowledgement,the first electronic device may receive at least one data frame from thesecond electronic device, and after expiration of a threshold timeperiod, the first electronic device may transition from an activeoperation mode to a low-power operating mode in response to determiningthat a first wireless network corresponding to the data link is idle.For example, after transmitting the acknowledgement 124, the secondelectronic device 106 may receive at least one data frame (e.g., thedata 122) from the first electronic device 104. The second electronicdevice 106 may transition from the active operating mode to the lowpower operating mode in response to determining that the NAN channel 202is idle.

The acknowledgement may be a QoS_NULL frame. In some implementations,the QoS_NULL frame includes a reverse direction grant (RDG) thatauthorizes the second electronic device to transmit a response to thefirst electronic device within a short interframe space (SIFS) period.For example, the acknowledgement 124 may be a QoS_NULL frame thatincludes a RDG that authorizes the first electronic device 104 totransmit a response (e.g., a frame of the data 122) to the secondelectronic device 106 within a SIFS period. In other implementations,the QoS_NULL frame does not include the RDG. If the acknowledgement isthe QoS_NULL frame, the first electronic device may receive a data framefrom the second electronic device responsive to the QoS_NULL frame.Based on the data frame, the first electronic device may maintain orstay in an active operating mode in response to determining that one ormore particular bits included in the data frame indicate an additionalupcoming data transmission, such as an additional upcoming datatransmission to be received by the first electronic device. For example,the second electronic device 106 may receive at least one frame of thedata 122 from the first electronic device responsive to theacknowledgement 124 and may maintain the active operating mode inresponse to determining that a MORE bit or an EOSP bit of the at leastone frame of the data 122 indicates an additional upcoming datatransmission.

In some implementations, the first electronic device may receive a NULLframe from the second electronic device prior to transmitting theacknowledgement. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, the secondelectronic device 106 may receive the NULL frame 126 from the firstelectronic device 104. In a particular implementation, the NULL framemay include or correspond to a QoS_NULL frame. The first electronicdevice may transmit the acknowledgement in response to receiving theNULL frame. For example, the second electronic device 106 may transmitthe acknowledgement 124 in response to receiving the NULL frame 126.

Thus, the method 1700 enables one or more electronic devices of the datalink to transmit an acknowledgement in response to receiving anindication of an upcoming data transmission from a first electronicdevice. The first electronic device may be able to prevent datatransmissions when the one or more electronic devices are unable toreceive the data transmissions based on the acknowledgement.

Referring to FIG. 18, a method 1800 of operation at an electronic deviceof a data link is shown. The method 1800 may be performed at any of theelectronic devices 104-112 of FIG. 1 or any of the devices 612 of FIG.6.

The method 1800 includes transmitting a message from a first electronicdevice of a data link to one or more electronic devices of the datalink, where the message includes an indication of an upcoming datatransmission from the first electronic device to a second electronicdevice of the data link, at 1802. For example, with reference to FIG. 1,the first electronic device 104 may transmit the message (e.g., the dataannouncement 120) to the second electronic device 106.

The method 1800 further includes receiving an acknowledgement from thesecond electronic device responsive to the indication, at 1804. Forexample, with reference to FIG. 1, the first electronic device 104 mayreceive the acknowledgement 124 from the second electronic device 106.The acknowledgement may serve as or represent a PS-POLL message or maybe a QoS_NULL frame.

In some implementations, prior to receiving the acknowledgement, thefirst electronic device may transmit a NULL frame to the secondelectronic device and the acknowledgement may be received in response tothe NULL frame. For example, the first electronic device 104 maytransmit the NULL frame 126 to the second electronic device 106, and theacknowledgement 124 may be received by the first electronic device 104in response to the NULL frame 126. In a particular implementation, NULLframe may be the QoS_NULL frame.

Alternatively, or in addition, the first electronic device may transmitat least one data frame to the second electronic device. The firstelectronic device may transmit the at least one data frame in responseto receiving the acknowledgement at the first electronic device. Forexample, the first electronic device 104 may transmit at least one frameof the data 122 to the second electronic device 106 in response toreceiving the acknowledgement 124.

Thus, the method 1800 enables one or more electronic devices of the datalink to receive an acknowledgement in response to transmitting anindication of an upcoming data transmission from a first electronicdevice. The first electronic device may be able to prevent datatransmissions when the one or more electronic devices are unable toreceive the data transmissions based on the acknowledgement.

Referring to FIG. 19, a method 1900 of operation at an electronic deviceof a data link is shown. The method 1900 may be performed at any of theelectronic devices 104-112 of FIG. 1 or any of the devices 612 of FIG.6.

The method 1900 includes generating a traffic announcement message at afirst electronic device of a data link, at 1902. The trafficannouncement message indicates one or more electronic devices of thedata link as recipients of data from the first electronic device andincludes a recipient type indicator. For example, with reference to FIG.1, the first electronic device 104 may generate the traffic announcementmessage (e.g., the data announcement 120) to indicate the data 122 fortransmission to the second electronic device 106. The trafficannouncement message may include the recipient type indicator 150 andthe address list 152 that indicates one or more electronic devices asrecipients of the data 122.

The method 1900 further includes transmitting the first trafficannouncement message to electronic devices of the data link other thanthe first electronic device during a first time period corresponding toan active operating mode of electronic devices of the data link, at1904. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, the first electronic device104 may transmit the data announcement 120 to the second electronicdevice 106. In a particular implementation, the particular wirelessnetwork traffic announcement message is transmitted via a particularwireless network that is reserved for data transmissions of theelectronic devices of the data link and the time period corresponds to apaging window. For example, the traffic announcement message may betransmitted via the data link channel 204 and the time period mayinclude or correspond to the first paging window 224 of FIGS. 2-5. Inanother particular implementation, the particular wireless networktraffic announcement message is transmitted via a particular wirelessnetwork that is reserved for discovery operations and synchronizationoperations within a NAN and the time period corresponds to a pagingwindow. For example, the traffic announcement message may be transmittedvia the NAN channel 202 and the time period may include or correspond tothe first NAN paging window 220 of FIGS. 2-5.

In a particular implementation, the recipient type indicator indicateswhether an address set of the one or more electronic devices isrepresented by a TIM or by a Bloom filter. The address set may berepresented by the TIM if the recipient type indicator has a firstvalue, and the traffic announcement message may identify the TIM. Forexample, with reference to FIG. 1, the value of the recipient typeindicator 150 may indicate that the address list 152 is represented by aTIM, and the TIM (e.g., the address list 152) may be identified by thetraffic announcement message. The address set may be represented by theBloom filter if the recipient type indicator has a second value, and thetraffic announcement message may identify the Bloom filter. For example,with reference to FIG. 1, the value of the recipient type indicator 150may indicate that the address list 152 is represented by a Bloom filter,and the address list 152 may be identified by the traffic announcementmessage. The traffic announcement message may indicate a size of theBloom filter and a Bloom filter index that indicates a set of hashfunctions corresponding to the Bloom filter. For example, the dataannouncement 120 may include a size of the Bloom filter (e.g., theaddress list 152) and a Bloom filter index, as shown in Table 2. TheBloom filter may be determined based on the set of hash functions andbased on one or more MAC addresses corresponding to the one or moreelectronic devices. For example, the first electronic device 104 maydetermine the Bloom filter by passing a MAC address of the secondelectronic device 106 (e.g., a recipient of the data 122) through theset of hash functions indicated by the Bloom filter index to generate aset of bit positions and by setting bits in the Bloom filtercorresponding to the set of bit positions to a particular value (e.g., alogical one value), as described with reference to FIG. 1.

In the implementation where the address list 152 is represented by theBloom filter, the method 1900 may further include receiving a firstacknowledgement from a second electronic device of the data linkresponsive to the traffic announcement message and transmitting aportion of the data to the second electronic device based on determiningthat the second electronic device is correctly identified as a recipientof the data. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, the first electronicdevice 104 may receive the acknowledgement 124 from the secondelectronic device 106 and may transmit the data 122 (or a portionthereof) to the second electronic device 106 based on determining thatthe second electronic device 106 is correctly identified as a recipientof the data 122. The method 1900 may further include receiving a secondacknowledgement from a third electronic device of the data linkresponsive to the traffic announcement message and transmitting a NACKto the third electronic device based on determining that the thirdelectronic device is not a recipient of the data. For example, withreference to FIG. 1, the first electronic device 104 may receive theacknowledgement 144 from the fifth electronic device 112 and maytransmit the NACK 154 to the fifth electronic device 112 based ondetermining that the fifth electronic device 112 is to receive the data122.

The method 1900 enables a traffic announcement message to be transmittedvia a NAN channel (e.g., the NAN channel 202) or a data link channel(e.g., the data link channel 204). The traffic announcement message mayindicate recipients of data using a TIM or a Bloom filter. Indicatingrecipients using the Bloom filter may reduce overhead used to transmitthe traffic announcement message, as compared to using the TIM.

Referring to FIG. 20, a method 2000 of operation at an electronic deviceof a data link is shown. The method 2000 may be performed at any of theelectronic devices 104-112 of FIG. 1 or any of the devices 612 of FIG.6.

The method 2000 includes monitoring, at a first electronic device of adata link, a particular wireless network during a time periodcorresponding to an active operating mode of electronic devices of thedata link, at 2002. In a particular implementation, the secondelectronic device 106 monitors the data link channel 204 during thefirst paging window 224. In other implementations, the second electronicdevice 106 monitors the NAN channel 202 during the first NAN pagingwindow 220 or during the first discovery window 210. The trafficannouncement message may include the recipient type indicator 150 andthe address list 152 that indicates one or more electronic devices asrecipients of the data 122.

The method 2000 further includes receiving, at the first electronicdevice, a traffic announcement message from a second electronic deviceof the data link during the time period, at 2004. The trafficannouncement message includes a recipient type indicator. For example,with reference to FIG. 1, the second electronic device 106 may receivethe traffic announcement message (e.g., the data announcement 120) fromthe first electronic device 104, and the traffic announcement mayinclude the recipient type indicator 150 and the address list 152.

The recipient type indicator 150 may indicate whether the address list152 is represented by a TIM or by a Bloom filter. The method 2000 mayfurther include determining whether the first electronic device isindicated as a recipient of data from the second electronic device basedon a TIM if the recipient type indicator has a first value, and the TIMmay be identified by the traffic announcement message. For example, withreference to FIG. 1, if the value of the recipient type indicator 150has a first value (e.g., a logical zero value), the address list 152 maybe represented by the TIM, and the second electronic device 106 maydetermine whether it is a recipient of the data 122 based on the TIM.

The method 2000 may further include determining whether the firstelectronic device is indicated as a recipient of data from the secondelectronic device based on a Bloom filter if the recipient typeindicator has a second value, and the Bloom filter may be identified bythe traffic announcement message. For example, with reference to FIG. 1,if the value of the recipient type indicator 150 has a second value(e.g., a logical one value), the address list 152 may be represented bythe Bloom filter, and the second electronic device 106 may determinewhether it is a recipient of the data 122 based on the Bloom filter.Determining whether the first electronic device is indicated as arecipient may include determining a set of bit positions in the Bloomfilter based on a set of hash functions corresponding to the Bloomfilter and based on a MAC address of the first electronic device anddetermining whether a bit located at each bit position of the set of bitpositions in the Bloom filter is a particular value. For example, thesecond electronic device 106 may determine a set of bit positions bypassing a MAC address of the second electronic device 106 through theset of hash functions indicated by the Bloom filter index and maydetermine whether a bit located at each bit position of the set of bitpositions is a particular value (e.g., a logical one value), asdescribed with reference to FIG. 1.

Additionally or alternatively, the method 2000 may further includetransmitting an acknowledgement to the second electronic device inresponse to determining that the first electronic device is indicated asa recipient of the data. For example, the second electronic device 106may transmit the acknowledgement 124 to the first electronic device 104.The acknowledgement may be a power save poll (PS-POLL) message or aquality of service null (QoS_NULL) frame, as described with reference toFIG. 1. The method 1900 may further include maintaining the firstelectronic device in an active operating mode in response to determiningthat the first electronic device is indicated as a recipient of thedata. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, the second electronicdevice 106 may remain in the active operating mode in response todetermining that the second electronic device 106 is indicated as arecipient of the data 122, and the second electronic device 106 mayreceive the data 122 (or a portion thereof) from the first electronicdevice 104. Alternatively, the method 2000 may further includemaintaining the first electronic device in an active operating mode inresponse to determining that the first electronic device is indicated asa recipient of the data, receiving a NACK from the second electronicdevice, and transitioning the first electronic device from the activeoperating mode to a low-power operating mode in response to receivingthe NACK. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, the fifth electronicdevice 112 may remain in the active operating mode until the NACK 154 isreceived from the first electronic device 104, and the fifth electronicdevice 112 may transition into the low-power operating mode in responseto receiving the NACK 154.

The method 2000 enables an electronic device to receive a trafficannouncement message that indicates recipients of data using a TIM or aBloom filter. Indicating recipients using the Bloom filter may reduceoverhead used to receive the traffic announcement message, as comparedto using the TIM.

Referring to FIG. 21, a method 2100 of operation at an electronic deviceof a data link is shown. The method 2100 may be performed at any of theelectronic devices 104-116 of FIG. 1 (e.g., the method 2100 maycorrespond to a multi-hop data link) or any of the devices 612 of FIG.6.

The method 2100 includes generating, at a first electronic device of aneighbor aware network (NAN), a message that includes a first attributedescriptive of a service offered by the first electronic device via aNAN data link of the NAN and a second attribute descriptive of one ormore features corresponding to the NAN data link, at 2102. The firstattribute may include an indicator that identifies the second attributeand the second attribute may define one or more parameters of one ormore communication windows corresponding to the NAN data link. Forexample, with reference to FIG. 1, the first electronic device 104 maygenerate the data announcement 120 (e.g., a SDF) that includes the oneor more service attributes 170 and the one or more NAN-DL attributes180. The one or more communication windows may include paging windows,transmission windows, or both. In a particular implementation, theindicator may include a bitmap. For example, the indicator may includethe binding bitmap included in the binding bitmap field 814 of theservice attribute 810 of FIG. 8.

The method 2100 further includes transmitting the message, at 2104. In aparticular implementation, the message may be transmitted to otherdevices of the NAN. For example, with reference to FIG. 1, the firstelectronic device 104 may transmit the data announcement 120 to theelectronic devices 106-112.

In a particular implementation, the one or more features may include aNAN data link channel corresponding to the NAN data link, a groupidentifier corresponding to the NAN data link, the one or morecommunication windows corresponding to the NAN data link, or acombination thereof. For example, the second service attribute 904 mayinclude a NAN-DL channel field 822, the NAN-DL control field 823, andthe NAN-DL group ID field 824. In another particular implementation, thefirst attribute may include a service identifier that identifies theservice and a first instance identifier that identifies a first instanceof the service. For example, the first service attribute 902 may includethe service ID field 812 that identifies the service and the instance IDfield 813 that identifies the first instance. Additionally, the messagemay further include a third attribute descriptive of the service. Thethird attribute may include the service identifier and a second instanceidentifier that identifies a second instance of the service. Forexample, with reference to FIG. 9, the second service attribute 904 mayinclude the service ID field 812 that identifies the service and theinstance ID field 813 that identifies the second instance. Additionally,the third attribute includes a second indicator that identifies thesecond attribute. For example, the second service attribute 904 mayinclude the binding bitmap field 814 that indicates the NAN-DL attribute906.

In another particular implementation, the second attribute indicates apaging window repetition rate corresponding to the NAN data link. Forexample, the second attribute may include the NAN-DL control field 823that includes the paging window repetition indicator 1017. Additionally,the paging window repetition rate may include a number NUM_PW, andpaging windows may be defined for one transmission window of each NUM_PWtransmission windows between consecutive discovery windows. For example,with reference to FIG. 10, the paging window repetition indicator 1017may indicate NUM_PW, and paging windows may be defined for one of eachNUM_PW transmission windows, as described with reference to the firstexample 1020 and the second example 1022. Additionally or alternatively,a first transmission window and a second transmission window maycorrespond to the NAN data link. The first transmission window mayinclude a first paging window and the second transmission window may notinclude a paging window. For example, with reference to FIG. 10, thefirst transmission window in the second example 1022 includes a pagingwindow and the second transmission window does not include a pagingwindow.

In a particular implementation, the NAN data link includes at least thefirst electronic device. The method 2100 may further include remainingin a low power operating mode at the first electronic device during thesecond transmission window if the first electronic device does notparticipate in a traffic session during the first transmission window.For example, the first electronic device 104 may be included in the NANdata link, and the first transmission window and the second transmissionwindow of the second example 1022 of FIG. 10 may correspond to the NANdata link. The first electronic device 104 may remain in the low poweroperating mode during the second transmission window if the firstelectronic device 104 does not participate in a traffic session (e.g.,does not transmit or receive data) during the first transmission window(and thus the first electronic device 104 transitioned into the lowpower operating mode during the data portion of the first transmissionwindow). In another particular implementation, the method 2100 mayinclude remaining in an active operating mode at the first electronicdevice during the second transmission window if the first electronicdevice participates in a traffic session during the first transmissionwindow. For example, with reference to the second example 1022 of FIG.10, the first electronic device 104 may remain in the active operatingmode during the second transmission window if the first electronicdevice 104 participates in a traffic session (e.g., transmits orreceives data) during the first transmission window.

In another particular implementation, the message may further include athird attribute descriptive of the service and a fourth attributedescriptive of one or more features corresponding to a second NAN datalink of the NAN. The third attribute may include a second indicator thatidentifies the fourth attribute, and the fourth attribute may define oneor more parameters of one or more communication windows corresponding tothe second NAN data link. For example, with reference to FIG. 9, themessage may include the second service attribute 912 and the secondNAN-DL attribute 916. Additionally, the first attribute may include aservice identifier that identifies the service and a first instanceidentifier that identifies a first instance of the service, and thesecond attribute may include the service identifier and a secondinstance identifier that identifies a second instance of the service.For example, with reference to FIG. 9, the first service attribute 910may identify the service and the first instance (e.g., chess), and thesecond service attribute 912 may identify the service and the secondinstance (e.g., checkers). Additionally, the second attribute mayindicate a first paging window repetition rate corresponding to thefirst NAN data link, and the fourth attribute may indicate a secondpaging window repetition rate (different from the first paging windowrepetition rate) corresponding to the second NAN data link. For example,with reference to FIG. 9, the first NAN-DL attribute 914 and the secondNAN-DL attribute 916 may define different paging window repetition ratesusing corresponding paging window repetition indicators 1017.

In another particular implementation, the second attribute defines adiscovery window offset, a transmission window offset, a transmissionwindow size, a paging window size, a transmission window repetitionindicator, a network heartbeat, or combination thereof. For example, thesecond attribute may include the discovery window offset indicator 1011,the DL transmission window offset indicator 1012, the DL transmissionwindow size indicator 1013, the paging window size indicator 1014, theDL transmission window repeat indicator 1015, the data link heartbeatindicator 1016, and the paging window repetition indicator 1017 of FIG.10. Additionally or alternatively, a group of bits of a control field ofthe second attribute may define the parameters. For example, withreference to FIG. 10, the NAN-DL control field 823 may include theindicators 1011-1017. In another particular implementation, the messageis included in a NAN service discovery message. For example, the messagemay be included in the data announcement 120 of FIG. 1. As anotherexample, the message may be included in the NAN information element 720or the NAN public action frame 730 of FIG. 7. Alternatively, the messageis included in a NAN beacon message. For example, the message maycorrespond to a NAN beacon message that includes the NAN informationelement 720 of FIG. 7 that includes one or more service attributes andone or more NAN-DL attributes.

The method 2100 enables an electronic device to generate advertisementsthat identify services offered via a NAN-DL and describe how theservices may be accessed by other electronic devices via the NAN-DL.Additionally, one or more parameters of one or more communicationwindows corresponding to the NAN-DL may be defined by theadvertisements.

Referring to FIG. 22, a particular illustrative wireless communicationdevice is depicted and generally designated 2200. The device 2200includes a processor 2210, such as a digital signal processor, coupledto a memory 2232. In an illustrative implementation, the device 2200, orcomponents thereof, may correspond to the electronic devices 104-116 ofFIG. 1, the devices 612 of FIG. 6, or components thereof.

The processor 2210 may be configured to execute software (e.g., aprogram of one or more instructions 2268) stored in the memory 2232(e.g., a non-transitory computer readable medium). Additionally oralternatively, the processor 2210 may be configured to implement one ormore instructions stored in a memory of a wireless interface 2240 (e.g.,an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11compliant interface). For example, the wireless interface 2240 may beconfigured to operate in accordance with one or more wirelesscommunication standards, including one or more IEEE 802.11 standards andone or more NAN standards. In a particular implementation, the processor2210 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of themethods of FIGS. 11-21. The processor 2210 may include data announcementlogic 2264 and acknowledge logic 2266. The data announcement logic 2264and/or the acknowledge logic 2266 may execute one or more of the methodsof FIGS. 11-21. In particular implementations, the data announcementlogic 2264 may include timing and/or counting circuitry 2274 and theacknowledge logic 2266 may include timing and/or counting circuitry2276. The timing and/or counting circuitry 2274 and the timing and/orcounting circuitry 2276 may be used in determining starting times ofpaging windows or transmission windows, as described with reference toFIG. 1. In some implementations, the memory 2232 may store a minimumwait time 2270 and a maximum wait time 2272 that correspond to theminimum wait time and the maximum wait time, respectively, as describedwith reference to FIG. 1.

The wireless interface 2240 may be coupled to the processor 2210 and toan antenna 2242. For example, the wireless interface 2240 may be coupledto the antenna 2242 via a transceiver 2246, such that wireless datareceived via the antenna 2242 and may be provided to the processor 2210.

A coder/decoder (CODEC) 2234 can also be coupled to the processor 2210.A speaker 2236 and a microphone 2238 can be coupled to the CODEC 2234. Adisplay controller 2226 can be coupled to the processor 2210 and to adisplay device 2228. In a particular implementation, the processor 2210,the display controller 2226, the memory 2232, the CODEC 2234, and thewireless interface 2240 are included in a system-in-package orsystem-on-chip device 2222. In a particular implementation, an inputdevice 2230 and a power supply 2244 are coupled to the system-on-chipdevice 2222. Moreover, in a particular implementation, as illustrated inFIG. 22, the display device 2228, the input device 2230, the speaker2236, the microphone 2238, the antenna 2242, and the power supply 2244are external to the system-on-chip device 2222. However, each of thedisplay device 2228, the input device 2230, the speaker 2236, themicrophone 2238, the antenna 2242, and the power supply 2244 can becoupled to one or more components of the system-on-chip device 2222,such as one or more interfaces or controllers.

In conjunction with the described implementations, a first apparatusincludes means for generating a traffic announcement message at a firstelectronic device of a data link. The traffic announcement message mayindicate data is to be transmitted from the first electronic device to asecond electronic device of the data link. For example, the means forgenerating may include the first electronic device 104, the dataannouncement logic 130 of FIG. 1, one of the devices 612 of FIG. 6, theprocessor 2210 programmed to execute the instructions 2268, the dataannouncement logic 2264 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices, circuits,modules, or instructions to generate the traffic announcement message,or any combination thereof.

The first apparatus also includes means for transmitting the trafficannouncement message to one or more electronic devices of the data linkduring a first paging window. For example, the means for transmittingmay include the first electronic device 104, the data announcement logic130 of FIG. 1, one of the devices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210programmed to execute the instructions 2268, the data announcement logic2264, the wireless interface 2240 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices,circuits, modules, or instructions to transmit the traffic announcementmessage, or any combination thereof.

In conjunction with the described implementations, a second apparatusincludes means for monitoring, at a first electronic device of a datalink, a wireless network during a paging window corresponding to anactive operating mode of electronic devices of the data link. Forexample, the means for monitoring may include the second electronicdevice 106, the data announcement logic 132 of FIG. 1, one of thedevices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210 programmed to execute theinstructions 2268, the data announcement logic 2264, the wirelessinterface 2240 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices, circuits, modules,or instructions to monitor the wireless network, or any combinationthereof.

The second apparatus also includes means for receiving, at the firstelectronic device, a traffic announcement message from a secondelectronic device of the data link during the paging window. Forexample, the means for receiving may include the second electronicdevice 106, the data announcement logic 132 of FIG. 1, one of thedevices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210 programmed to execute theinstructions 2268, the data announcement logic 2264, the wirelessinterface 2240 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices, circuits, modules,or instructions to receive the traffic announcement message, or anycombination thereof.

In conjunction with the described implementations, a third apparatusincludes means for generating a service discovery frame at a firstelectronic device of a data link of a neighbor aware network (NAN). Theservice discovery frame may include an attribute identifying a subset ofelectronic devices of the data link as recipients of data from the firstelectronic device during a transmission window or identifying a timeperiod corresponding to data announcements and timing information ofdata transmissions corresponding to the data link. For example, themeans for generating may include the first electronic device 104, thedata announcement logic 130 of FIG. 1, one of the devices 612 of FIG. 6,the processor 2210 programmed to execute the instructions 2268, the dataannouncement logic 2264 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices, circuits,modules, or instructions generate the service discovery frame, or anycombination thereof.

The third apparatus also includes means for transmitting the servicediscovery frame to electronic devices other than the first electronicdevice. For example, the means for transmitting may include the firstelectronic device 104, the data announcement logic 130 of FIG. 1, one ofthe devices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210 programmed to execute theinstructions 2268, the data announcement logic 2264, the wirelessinterface 2240 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices, circuits, modules,or instructions to transmit the service discovery frame, or anycombination thereof.

In conjunction with the described implementations, a fourth apparatusincludes means for receiving a service discovery frame at a firstelectronic device of a data link of a neighbor aware network (NAN). Theservice discovery frame may include an attribute identifying a subset ofelectronic devices of the data link as recipients of data from a secondelectronic device of the data link during a transmission window oridentifying a time period of data announcements and timing informationof data transmissions corresponding to the data link. For example, themeans for receiving may include the second electronic device 106, thedata announcement logic 132 of FIG. 1, one of the devices 612 of FIG. 6,the processor 2210 programmed to execute the instructions 2268, the dataannouncement logic 2264, the wireless interface 2240 of FIG. 22, one ormore other devices, circuits, modules, or instructions to receive theservice discovery frame, or any combination thereof.

The fourth apparatus also includes means for determining whether tomonitor a wireless network corresponding to the data link during thetransmission window based on the attribute. For example, the means fordetermining may include the second electronic device 106, the dataannouncement logic 132 of FIG. 1, one of the devices 612 of FIG. 6, theprocessor 2210 programmed to execute the instructions 2268, the dataannouncement logic 2264 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices, circuits,modules, or instructions to determine whether to monitor the secondwireless network, or any combination thereof.

In conjunction with the described implementations, a fifth apparatusincludes means for generating a service discovery frame at a firstelectronic device of a data link of a neighbor aware network (NAN). Theservice discovery frame may include a data link attribute thatcorresponds to the data link. A data link control field of the data linkattribute may identify and/or indicate a time period corresponding todata announcements and timing information of data transmissionscorresponding to the data link. For example, the means for generatingmay include the first electronic device 104, the data announcement logic130 of FIG. 1, one of the devices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210programmed to execute the instructions 2268, the data announcement logic2264 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices, circuits, modules, orinstructions to generate the service discovery frame, or any combinationthereof.

The fifth apparatus also includes means for transmitting the servicediscovery frame to one or more electronic devices of the data linkduring a discovery window. For example, the means for transmitting mayinclude the first electronic device 104, the data announcement logic 130of FIG. 1, one of the devices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210programmed to execute the instructions 2268, the data announcement logic2264, the wireless interface 2240 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices,circuits, modules, or instructions to transmit the service discoveryframe, or any combination thereof.

In conjunction with the described implementations, a sixth apparatusincludes means for receiving a service discovery frame at a firstelectronic device of a data link of a neighbor aware network (NAN). Theservice discovery frame includes a data link attribute that maycorrespond to the data link. A data link control field of the data linkattribute may identify and/or indicate a time period corresponding todata announcements and timing information of data transmissionscorresponding to the data link. For example, the means for receiving mayinclude the second electronic device 106, the data announcement logic132 of FIG. 1, one of the devices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210programmed to execute the instructions 2268, the data announcement logic2264, the wireless interface 2240 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices,circuits, modules, or instructions to receive the service discoveryframe, or any combination thereof.

The sixth apparatus also includes means for monitoring a wirelessnetwork corresponding to the data link for at least one data frame froma second electronic device during a transmission window. Thetransmission window may be determined based on the data link attribute.For example, the means for monitoring may include the second electronicdevice 106, the data announcement logic 132 of FIG. 1, one of thedevices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210 programmed to execute theinstructions 2268, the data announcement logic 2264, the wirelessinterface 2240 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices, circuits, modules,or instructions to monitor the second wireless network, or anycombination thereof.

In conjunction with the described implementations, a seventh apparatusincludes means for receiving, at a first electronic device of a datalink, an indication of an upcoming data transmission from a secondelectronic device of the data link. For example, the means for receivingmay include the second electronic device 106, the data announcementlogic 132 of FIG. 1, one of the devices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor2210 programmed to execute the instructions 2268, the data announcementlogic 2264, the wireless interface 2240 of FIG. 22, one or more otherdevices, circuits, modules, or instructions to receive the indication,or any combination thereof.

The seventh apparatus also includes means for transmitting anacknowledgement from the first electronic device to the secondelectronic device in response to receiving the indication of theupcoming data transmission. For example, the means for transmitting mayinclude the second electronic device 106, the acknowledge logic 136 ofFIG. 1, one of the devices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210 programmedto execute the instructions 2268, the acknowledge logic 2266, thewireless interface 2240 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices, circuits,modules, or instructions to transmit the acknowledgement, or anycombination thereof.

In conjunction with the described implementations, an eighth apparatusincludes means for transmitting a message from a first electronic deviceof a data link to one or more electronic devices of the data link. Themessage may include an indication of an upcoming data transmission fromthe first electronic device to a second electronic device of the datalink. For example, the means for transmitting may include the firstelectronic device 104, the data announcement logic 130 of FIG. 1, one ofthe devices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210 programmed to execute theinstructions 2268, the data announcement logic 2264, the wirelessinterface 2240 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices, circuits, modules,or instructions to transmit the message, or any combination thereof.

The eighth apparatus also includes means for receiving anacknowledgement from the second electronic device responsive to theindication. For example, the means for receiving may include the firstelectronic device 104, the acknowledge logic 134 of FIG. 1, one of thedevices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210 programmed to execute theinstructions 2268, the acknowledge logic 2266, the wireless interface2240 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices, circuits, modules, orinstructions to receive the acknowledgement, or any combination thereof.

In conjunction with the described implementations, a ninth apparatusincludes means for generating a traffic announcement message at a firstelectronic device of a data link. The traffic announcement message mayindicate one or more electronic devices of the data link as recipientsof data from the first electronic device and may include a recipienttype indicator. For example, the means for generating may include thefirst electronic device 104, the data announcement logic 130 of FIG. 1,one of the devices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210 programmed toexecute the instructions 2268, the data announcement logic 2264 of FIG.22, one or more other devices, circuits, modules, or instructions togenerate the traffic announcement message, or any combination thereof.The traffic announcement message may include the recipient typeindicator 150 and the address list 152 of FIG. 1.

The ninth apparatus also includes means for transmitting the trafficannouncement message to electronic devices of the data link other thanthe first electronic device during a time period corresponding to anactive operating mode of electronic devices of the data link. Forexample, the means for transmitting may include the first electronicdevice 104, the data announcement logic 130 of FIG. 1, one of thedevices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210 programmed to execute theinstructions 2268, the data announcement logic 2264, the wirelessinterface 2240 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices, circuits, modules,or instructions to transmit the traffic announcement message, or anycombination thereof.

In conjunction with the described implementations, a tenth apparatusincludes means for monitoring, at a first electronic device of a datalink, a particular wireless network during a time period correspondingto an active operating mode of electronic devices of the data link. Forexample, the means for monitoring may include the second electronicdevice 106, the data announcement logic 132, the fifth electronic device112 of FIG. 1, one of the devices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210programmed to execute the instructions 2268, the data announcement logic2264, the wireless interface 2240 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices,circuits, modules, or instructions to monitor the wireless network, orany combination thereof.

The tenth apparatus also includes means for receiving, at the firstelectronic device, a traffic announcement message from a secondelectronic device of the data link during the time period, where thetraffic announcement message includes a recipient type indicator. Forexample, the means for receiving may include the second electronicdevice 106, the data announcement logic 132, the fifth electronic device112 of FIG. 1, one of the devices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210programmed to execute the instructions 2268, the data announcement logic2264, the wireless interface 2240 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices,circuits, modules, or instructions to receive the traffic announcementmessage, or any combination thereof. The traffic announcement messagemay include the recipient type indicator 150 and the address list 152 ofFIG. 1.

In conjunction with the described implementations, an eleventh apparatusincludes means for generating, at a first electronic device of a NAN, amessage that includes a first attribute descriptive of a service offeredby the first electronic device via a NAN data link of the NAN and asecond attribute descriptive of one or more features corresponding tothe NAN data link. The first attribute may include an indicator thatidentifies the second attribute, and the second attribute may define oneor more parameters of one or more communication windows corresponding tothe NAN data link. For example, the means for generating may include thefirst electronic device 104, the data announcement logic 132, one of thedevices 612 of FIG. 6, the processor 2210 programmed to execute theinstructions 2268, the data announcement logic 2264, the wirelessinterface 2240 of FIG. 22, one or more other devices, circuits, modules,or instructions to generate a message that includes a first attributedescriptive of a service offered by a first electronic device via a NANdata link of a NAN and a second attribute descriptive of the NAN datalink, or any combination thereof.

The eleventh apparatus also includes means for transmitting the message.For example, the means for transmitting may include the first electronicdevice 104, the data announcement logic 132, one of the devices 612 ofFIG. 6, the processor 2210 programmed to execute the instructions 2268,the data announcement logic 2264, the wireless interface 2240 of FIG.22, one or more other devices, circuits, modules, or instructions totransmit the message, or any combination thereof. The trafficannouncement message may include the recipient type indicator 150 andthe address list 152 of FIG. 1.

Those of skill in the art would further appreciate that the variousillustrative logical blocks, configurations, modules, circuits, andalgorithm steps described in connection with the implementationsdisclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computersoftware executed by a processor, or combinations of both. Variousillustrative components, blocks, configurations, modules, circuits, andsteps have been described above generally in terms of theirfunctionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware orprocessor executable instructions depends upon the particularapplication and design constraints imposed on the overall system.Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varyingways for each particular application, but such implementation decisionsshould not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of thepresent disclosure.

The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with thedisclosure may be implemented directly in hardware, in a software moduleexecuted by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A softwaremodule may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-onlymemory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, aremovable disk, a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), or any otherform of non-transient (e.g., non-transitory) storage medium known in theart. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such thatthe processor can read information from, and write information to, thestorage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integralto the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in anapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC may reside in acomputing device or a user terminal. In the alternative, the processorand the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a computingdevice or user terminal.

The previous description is provided to enable a person skilled in theart to make or use the disclosed implementations. Various modificationsto these implementations will be readily apparent to those skilled inthe art, and the principles defined herein may be applied to otherimplementations without departing from the scope of the disclosure.Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to theimplementations shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scopepossible consistent with the principles and novel features as defined bythe following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of communicating, the method comprising: synchronizing a clock at a first electronic device of a data link based on a synchronization operation associated with a first wireless network corresponding to a neighbor aware network (NAN) associated with the data link; generating a first traffic announcement message at the first electronic device, wherein the first traffic announcement message is associated with a second wireless network, the second wireless network designated for communications that include data transmissions corresponding to the data link, and wherein the first traffic announcement message indicates first data is to be transmitted from the first electronic device to a second electronic device of the data link; transmitting, via the second wireless network during a first paging window determined based on the synchronized clock, the first traffic announcement message to one or more electronic devices of the data link, wherein a first portion of a first transmission window includes the first paging window; and transmitting, via the second wireless network, at least a portion of the first data to the second electronic device during a second portion of the first transmission window.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first paging window occurs during a time period corresponding to an active operating mode of the one or more electronic devices, and wherein the first paging window begins one discovery window offset period after a first discovery window of the NAN.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the NAN includes a first plurality of electronic devices, wherein the data link includes a second plurality of electronic devices, and wherein the second plurality of electronic devices is a subset of the first plurality of electronic devices.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first traffic announcement message further indicates second data is to be transmitted from the first electronic device to a third electronic device of the data link, and further comprising transmitting, via the first second wireless network, the second data from the first electronic device to the third electronic device.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: generating a second traffic announcement message at the first electronic device, wherein the second traffic announcement message indicates second data is to be transmitted from the first electronic device to a third electronic device of the data link; and transmitting the second traffic announcement message to the one or more electronic devices of the data link during a second paging window.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a variable duration of the first paging window is based on a number of the electronic devices of the data link offering a corresponding service to other electronic devices of the data link.
 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising: maintaining a count of root announcement (RANN) messages received at the first electronic device from the one or more electronic devices in the data link, wherein each of the RANN messages indicates that a corresponding electronic device of the data link is offering the corresponding service; and determining the duration of the first paging window based on comparing the count to a mapping table.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein a duration of the first paging window is based on a size of a data link time block corresponding to the data link.
 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising: prior to generating the first traffic announcement message, receiving a service discovery message at the first electronic device via the first wireless network, wherein the first wireless network is designated for communications including discovery operations and synchronization operations within the NAN; and subsequent to receiving the service discovery message and prior to transmitting the first traffic announcement message, configuring the first electronic device to transmit via the second wireless network.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first traffic announcement message includes a traffic indicator identifying the second electronic device as a recipient of the first data, and wherein the traffic indicator includes a Bloom filter.
 11. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to transmitting the first traffic announcement message via the second wireless network, configuring the first electronic device to transmit via the second wireless network.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first traffic announcement message includes a traffic indication map, the traffic indication map comprising a bitmap, and wherein values of one or more bits of the bitmap identify the one or more electronic devices as designated recipients of data transmissions from the first electronic device during the first transmission window.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein a first bit of the traffic indication map indicates the first data is to be transmitted to the second electronic device of the data link, and wherein a second bit of the traffic indication map indicates second data is to be transmitted to a third electronic device of the data link.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein a location of the first bit in the traffic indication map is based on an association identifier assigned by the first electronic device to the second electronic device.
 15. The method of claim 1, wherein a first contention window parameter is selected based on a duration of the first paging window, a size of paging messages, and a target collision probability of paging messages.
 16. The method of claim 15, wherein a second contention window parameter is selected based on a duration of the first transmission window, a size of data transmissions, and a target collision probability of data transmissions.
 17. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving an acknowledgement from the second electronic device responsive to the first traffic announcement message, wherein the acknowledgement comprises a power save poll (PS-POLL) message.
 18. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving an acknowledgement from the second electronic device responsive to the first traffic announcement message, wherein the acknowledgement is a quality of service null (QoS_NULL) frame.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the QoS_NULL frame includes a reverse direction grant (RDG) authorizing the first electronic device to transmit a response to the second electronic device within a short interframe space (SIFS) period without contention.
 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least a portion of first data is transmitted in response to receiving an acknowledgement from the second electronic device responsive to the first traffic announcement message.
 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the first traffic announcement message includes a recipient type indicator, wherein the first traffic announcement message further indicates that second data is to be transmitted to a third electronic device of the data link, wherein an address set identifying the second electronic device and the third electronic device is represented by a traffic indication map, and wherein the first traffic announcement message identifies the traffic indication map.
 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the first traffic announcement message includes a recipient type indicator and further indicates that second data is to be transmitted to a third electronic device of the data link, wherein an address set identifying the second electronic device and the third electronic device is represented by a Bloom filter, and wherein the first traffic announcement message identifies the Bloom filter.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the first traffic announcement message indicates a size of the Bloom filter and a Bloom filter index indicating a set of hash functions corresponding to the Bloom filter, and wherein the Bloom filter is determined based on the set of hash functions and one or more media access control (MAC) addresses corresponding to the one or more electronic devices.
 24. The method of claim 22, further comprising: receiving a first acknowledgement from the second electronic device of the data link responsive to the first traffic announcement message, wherein the portion of the first data is transmitted to the second electronic device based on determining the second electronic device is correctly identified as a recipient of the first data.
 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising: receiving a second acknowledgement from a third electronic device of the data link responsive to the first traffic announcement message; and transmitting a negative-acknowledgement (NACK) to the third electronic device based on determining the third electronic device is not the recipient of the first data.
 26. An apparatus comprising: a processor; and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the processor to perform operations comprising: synchronizing a clock at a first electronic device of a data link based on a synchronization operation associated with a first wireless network corresponding to a neighbor aware network (NAN) associated with the data link; generating a first traffic announcement message at the first electronic device, wherein the first traffic announcement message is associated with a second wireless network, the second wireless network designated for communications that include data transmissions corresponding to the data link, and wherein the first traffic announcement message indicates first data is to be transmitted from the first electronic device to a second electronic device of the data link; transmitting, via the second wireless network during a first paging window determined based on the synchronized clock, the first traffic announcement message to one or more electronic devices of the data link, wherein a first portion of a first transmission window includes the first paging window; and transmitting, via the second wireless network, at least a portion of the first data to the second electronic device during a second portion of the first transmission window.
 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first paging window occurs during a time period corresponding to an active operating mode of the one or more electronic devices, wherein the first paging window begins one discovery window offset period after a first discovery window of the NAN, wherein the NAN includes a first plurality of electronic devices, wherein the data link includes a second plurality of electronic devices, and wherein the second plurality of electronic devices is a subset of the first plurality of electronic devices.
 28. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first traffic announcement message further indicates second data is to be transmitted from the first electronic device to a third electronic device of the data link, and wherein the operations further comprise transmitting, via the second wireless network, the second data from the first electronic device to the third electronic device.
 29. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the operations further comprise: generating a second traffic announcement message at the first electronic device, wherein the second traffic announcement message indicates second data is to be transmitted from the first electronic device to a third electronic device of the data link; and transmitting the second traffic announcement message to the one or more electronic devices of the data link during a second paging window.
 30. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein a duration of the first paging window is based on a number of the electronic devices of the data link offering a corresponding service to other electronic devices of the data link, and wherein the operations further comprise: maintaining a count of root announcement (RANN) messages received at the first electronic device from the one or more electronic devices in the data link, wherein each of the RANN messages indicates a corresponding electronic device of the data link is offering the corresponding service; and determining the duration of the first paging window based on comparing the count to a mapping table.
 31. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the operations further comprise: prior to generating the first traffic announcement message, receiving a service discovery message at the first electronic device via the first wireless network, wherein the first wireless network is designated for communications including discovery operations and synchronization operations within the NAN; and subsequent to receiving the service discovery message and prior to transmitting the first traffic announcement message, configuring the first electronic device to transmit via the second wireless network.
 32. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first traffic announcement message includes a traffic indicator identifying the second electronic device as a recipient of the first data, and wherein the traffic indicator includes a traffic indication map (TIM), a Bloom filter, a list of media access control addresses, or an announcement traffic indication message (ATIM).
 33. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the operations further comprise, prior to transmitting the first traffic announcement message via the second wireless network configuring the first electronic device to transmit via the second wireless network.
 34. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first traffic announcement message includes a traffic indication map, the traffic indication map comprising a bitmap, and wherein values of one or more bits of the bitmap identify the one or more electronic devices as recipients of data transmissions from the first electronic device during the first transmission window.
 35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein a first bit of the traffic indication map indicates the first data is to be transmitted to the second electronic device of the data link, and wherein a second bit of the traffic indication map indicates second data is to be transmitted to a third electronic device of the data link.
 36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein a location of the first bit in the traffic indication map is based on an association identifier assigned by the first electronic device to the second electronic device.
 37. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein a first contention window parameter is selected based on a duration of the first paging window, a size of paging messages, and a target collision probability of paging messages.
 38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein a second contention window parameter is selected based on a duration of the first transmission window, a size of data transmissions, and a target collision probability of data transmissions.
 39. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the operations further comprise receiving an acknowledgement from the second electronic device responsive to the first traffic announcement message, and wherein the acknowledgement comprises a power save poll (PS-POLL) message.
 40. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the operations further comprise receiving an acknowledgement from the second electronic device responsive to the first traffic announcement message, wherein the acknowledgement is a quality of service null (QoS_NULL) frame.
 41. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the QoS_NULL frame includes a reverse direction grant (RDG) authorizing the first electronic device to transmit a response to the second electronic device within a short interframe space (SIFS) period without contention.
 42. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the at least a portion of the first data is transmitted in response to receiving an acknowledgement from the second electronic device responsive to the first traffic announcement message.
 43. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first traffic announcement message includes a recipient type indicator, wherein the first traffic announcement message further indicates that second data is to be transmitted to a third electronic device of the data link, wherein an address set identifying the second electronic device and the third electronic device is represented by a traffic indication map, and wherein the first traffic announcement message identifies the traffic indication map.
 44. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the first traffic announcement message includes a recipient type indicator and further indicates that second data is to be transmitted to a third electronic device, wherein an address set identifying the second electronic device and the third electronic device is represented by a Bloom filter, and wherein the first traffic announcement message identifies the Bloom filter.
 45. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein the first traffic announcement message indicates a size of the Bloom filter and a Bloom filter index indicating a set of hash functions corresponding to the Bloom filter, and wherein the Bloom filter is determined based on the set of hash functions and one or more media access control (MAC) addresses corresponding to the one or more electronic devices.
 46. The apparatus of claim 44, wherein the operations further comprise: receiving a first acknowledgement from the second electronic device of the data link responsive to the first traffic announcement message, wherein the portion of the first data is transmitted to the second electronic device based on determining the second electronic device is correctly identified as a recipient of the first data.
 47. An apparatus comprising: means for synchronizing a clock at a first electronic device of a data link based on a synchronization operation associated with a first wireless network corresponding to a neighbor aware network (NAN) associated with the data link; means for generating a traffic announcement message at the first electronic device, wherein the traffic announcement message is associated with a second wireless network, the second wireless network designated for communications that include data transmissions corresponding to the data link, and wherein the traffic announcement message indicates first data is to be transmitted from the first electronic device to a second electronic device of the data link; means for transmitting the traffic announcement message, during a paging window determined based on the synchronized clock and via the first wireless network, to one or more electronic devices of the data link, wherein a first portion of a transmission window includes the paging window; and means for transmitting at least a portion of the first data via the second wireless network to the second electronic device during a second portion of the transmission window.
 48. A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to: synchronize a clock at a first electronic device of a data link based on a synchronization operation associated with a first wireless network corresponding to a neighbor aware network (NAN) associated with the data link; generate a traffic announcement message at the first electronic device, wherein the traffic announcement message is associated with a second wireless network, the second wireless network designated for communications that include data transmissions corresponding to the data link, and wherein the traffic announcement message indicates first data is to be transmitted from the first electronic device to a second electronic device of the data link; transmit, via the second wireless network during a paging window determined based on the synchronized clock, the traffic announcement message to one or more electronic devices of the data link, wherein a first portion of a transmission window includes the paging window; and transmit, via the second wireless network, at least a portion of the first data to the second electronic device during a second portion of the transmission window.
 49. The method of claim 1, wherein the first wireless network includes a group of electronic devices, wherein the second wireless network includes a subset of the group, and wherein the data link is associated with a service provided by the first electronic device.
 50. The method of claim 1, further comprising transitioning to a low-power operating mode at the first electronic device in response to determining that the second wireless network is idle for a threshold period of time.
 51. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a second traffic announcement message via the second wireless network from a third electronic device of the data link during the first paging window.
 52. The method of claim 1, wherein the first traffic announcement message includes an attribute that comprises an attribute identifier field, a length field, and a traffic indicator field that indicates at least one electronic device of the data link that is scheduled to receive a data frame from the first electronic device during the second portion of the first transmission window.
 53. The method of claim 1, wherein the synchronization operation comprises receiving a synchronization beacon from an electronic device of the NAN via the first wireless network, and wherein the clock is synchronized based on the synchronization beacon.
 54. The method of claim 53, further comprising, after synchronizing the clock, determining a start time of the first paging window based on the synchronized clock.
 55. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the first traffic announcement message to the one or more electronic devices during the first paging window comprises broadcasting the first traffic announcement message to the one or more electronic devices during the first paging window.
 56. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving an acknowledgement from the second electronic device via the second wireless network and prior to the second portion of the first transmission window, wherein the second portion comprises a data transmission portion of the first transmission window.
 57. The method of claim 1, wherein the first data is generated at the first electronic device and is associated with a service provided by the first electronic device to electronic devices of the data link. 